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GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality
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The spectrum of worker participation in corporate governance
This report explores diverse global models of worker participation in corporate governance. It finds that mandatory and exercisable rights drive higher engagement than voluntary systems. While established in Europe and growing in China, the technology sector remains an exception. Support spans the political spectrum and includes major institutional investors.
Inequality and system health and stability: Risks and opportunities for businesses and financial institutions
This TISFD discussion paper examines the pathways through which inequality affects societal, macroeconomic, and financial systems. It identifies twenty-seven private sector drivers and provides a four-stage pathway to help businesses and investors assess system-level risks and opportunities, particularly those amplified by artificial intelligence and climate change.
Collective power: The struggle for protection for land and environmental defenders
Global Witness reports that 124 land and environmental defenders were killed in 2025, bringing the total since 2012 to 2,375. Colombia remains the deadliest country. The report advocates for collective protection mechanisms and highlights the criminalisation of Indigenous communities resisting land grabs in Peru and Indonesia.
Decent work results and effectiveness of ILO operations: An ex-post meta-analysis of development cooperation evaluations, 2025
This report assesses 45 evaluations from 2025 to gauge the effectiveness of ILO operations. While strategic relevance and sustainability were strong, results for disability inclusion and environmental sustainability were weaker. Efficiency remains a primary area for improvement, particularly concerning resource leveraging and results-based management systems.
Decent work in the platform economy must include outsourced and migrant workers
This Equidem briefing highlights how platform companies use outsourcing and algorithmic management to evade labour responsibilities. It calls for international standards to include migrant workers and subcontractors, addressing issues like recruitment debt, opaque management, and fragmented accountability across digital supply chains in regions including the Gulf and the Philippines.
Immigration and macroeconomic outcomes in OECD countries
This report examines the macroeconomic impact of non-OECD immigration on OECD countries from 1990 to 2024. It finds that immigration, particularly high-skilled, significantly boosts labour productivity and GDP per worker by stimulating capital investment and innovation, contrasting with the negligible effects of native population growth.
Climate change is projected to widen global inequalities in ocean-derived wellbeing
This research introduces the Blue Well-being Index to assess ocean-derived prosperity across 143 countries. Projections under high-emission scenarios indicate a nine per cent global decline by 2100. Both high-income and low-income nations face disproportionate losses, necessitating coordinated international mitigation and conservation efforts to protect ocean health.
Smallholders and the European Union Deforestation Regulation: Challenges, implications, and pathways to compliance
This report examines challenges faced by smallholders under the European Union Deforestation Regulation. Based on a survey of 333 producers, it identifies land tenure, compliance costs, and technical gaps as major barriers. It recommends coordinated support from governments, the private sector, and sustainability organisations to ensure inclusive market access.
Beyond access: Thailand and the frontiers of financial inclusion: Harnessing innovation for inclusive and responsible finance
This report examines Thailand's transition to second-generation financial inclusion. It analyses the evolution of digital finance, regulatory innovations in digital public infrastructure, and strategies for consumer protection. The study highlights policy considerations for managing risks like household debt and fraud while fostering a competitive and inclusive financial ecosystem.
Local currency donor-backed solutions: An evaluation
This report evaluates donor-backed local currency financing solutions for emerging markets using three criteria: viability, capital market development, and cost-efficiency. It assesses the IDA Private Sector Window, TCX EU Market Creation Facility, and EBRD SME programme, concluding that broader structures and explicit market development are essential for sustainability.
Investing in mothers? The long-run impact of a universal child care program on maternal work and income
This research evaluates the long-term impacts of Quebec's universal child care programme on maternal labour outcomes. Findings indicate sustained increases in employment and earnings through age 50, driven by occupational upgrading and accumulated experience. These effects generate fiscal benefits that offset 75 to 117 per cent of the programme's costs.
First Nations co-ownership and equity participation in clean energy projects
This guide explores First Nations co-ownership in Australian clean energy projects. It details financial structures, including corporate models and quasi-equity arrangements. The report outlines benefits like economic empowerment and risks such as capital access barriers, providing case studies and negotiation strategies for First Nations communities.
Investor benefits of First Nations participation in clean energy projects
This report identifies the financial and strategic benefits of First Nations participation in Australia's clean energy transition. It highlights five key investor advantages, including accelerated development cycles and improved capital access. It also outlines actions to overcome participation barriers through existing toolkits and international models to unlock economic value.
Productivity with purpose: Clear pathways to a more equitable future
This report advocates for "productivity with purpose" to address climate, inequality, and cost-of-living pressures. It proposes tax reforms targeting rents, quality-adjusted metrics for the care economy, and frontloading clean industry investment. The document emphasises streamlining infrastructure approvals and community-led growth to build a more equitable Australian economy.
The state of domestic work in 2025: 15 years after Convention No. 189
This International Labour Organization report examines global domestic work trends for 2025. With 80 million workers, the sector remains 83.1 per cent informal. Key findings highlight significant wage gaps, gender disparities, and extreme working hours, underscoring the need for formalisation and improved labour protections to achieve decent work.
Gender equality in capital markets: Insights, evidence and opportunities for action
This research examines gender equality in international capital markets, identifying barriers in culture, visibility, and sponsorship. Drawing on qualitative survey data and industry statistics, it highlights progress and stalls in representation and pay while offering practical actions for organisational change and leadership accountability.