The United Nations SDGs platform (sdgs.un.org) is an online hub for the 2030 Agenda and 17 Sustainable Development Goals, offering goals, targets, indicators, events, publications and global actions to track and support SDG implementation. It also includes registries of voluntary commitments and multi-stakeholder partnerships.

IMF Climate Data Portal
International Monetary Fund climate data portal provides country-level indicators linking climate change with macroeconomic and financial analysis, including emissions, climate risks, adaptation, mitigation, and climate finance. Data are standardised, downloadable, and designed to support policy, research, and comparative economic assessment.

Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) Near Real-Time Observational Data (Level 1) provides rapidly delivered atmospheric and ecosystem measurements, typically within 24 hours. Data undergo automated quality control only and are released as growing time series. Suitable for monitoring and exploratory analysis, not final scientific assessment.

The World Bank’s Climate Knowledge Portal – CMIP5 section provides access to historical and future climate projections based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. It supports analysis of temperature, precipitation and climate risks for countries/regions using multi-model ensemble data to inform climate risk assessment and adaptation planning.

NASA’s Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS) provides global near-real-time satellite data on active fires and thermal anomalies, viewable via interactive maps, alerts and downloadable files. It uses MODIS and VIIRS instruments to detect fire locations and deliver data within hours for monitoring, analysis and decision-making.

This paper argues that Europe’s green transition depends on aligning digital transformation with sustainability goals. It outlines how digital research can both reduce its own environmental footprint and enable climate action, calling for long-term, interdisciplinary research investment and coordinated EU policy.

The Climate Risk Index is an annual benchmark series that compares countries’ exposure and vulnerability to extreme weather events using a consistent, historical, data-driven framework. Across all editions, it supports comparative assessment of physical climate risk over time and informs policy, risk analysis, and climate-aware financial decision-making.

The report analyses how WTO trade rules can support climate action. It assesses tools such as border carbon adjustments, standards, subsidies and technology policy, identifying legal gaps, development impacts and the need for coordinated reforms to align multilateral trade governance with climate objectives.

This report presents a harmonised framework to assess the credibility of corporate climate transition plans. It defines core plan elements, assessment principles, and a four-step process to evaluate ambition, feasibility, consistency, governance, and financial alignment with Paris-aligned decarbonisation pathways.

The article defines “climate finance justice” as a framework for analysing how financialised climate action shapes equity, power, and outcomes. It critiques climate finance mechanisms, including UNFCCC processes and voluntary carbon markets, and argues for justice-centred approaches that address historical responsibility, governance, and uneven impacts.

The report argues that limiting warming to 1.5°C is no longer realistic and may hinder preparedness. It calls for acknowledging higher warming scenarios, accelerating mitigation, and adopting disruptive policy, financial, and governance approaches to manage climate and nature risks in a likely 2°C-plus world.

The report analyses US climate-driven mortgage risk, showing floods as the dominant driver of post-disaster foreclosures. Rising insurance costs, coverage gaps and falling property values create hidden credit losses. It argues climate risk should be treated as a sixth core credit assessment factor.

The report identifies twelve “climate delay” discourses that accept climate change yet justify inaction. It groups them into four strategies—redirecting responsibility, promoting non-transformative solutions, emphasising policy downsides, and surrendering to inevitability—and offers a typology to recognise and counter these arguments.

Based on survey data from 6,479 respondents across 13 countries, the study finds trust in climate communication depends on source and messenger traits. Scientists rank highest among believers, while friends and family dominate overall trust. Clarity, shared values and sincerity strongly predict trust, with marked differences between believers and sceptics.

The report analyses China’s first quantitative coal power decarbonisation plan, outlining emissions-reduction targets to 2027 via co-firing and carbon capture. It finds retrofitted coal increasingly uncompetitive versus renewables with storage, raising risks for new coal investments and strengthening the case for no-new-coal commitments.

Global Carbon Project (GCP) is an international scientific research organisation advancing understanding of the global carbon cycle and greenhouse gas emissions. It produces authoritative datasets, annual Global Carbon Budget reports, and peer-reviewed research used by governments, academics and climate policy experts worldwide to support climate science, mitigation planning and decision-making.