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GOAL 14: Life Below Water

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A guide to SDG interactions: From science to implementation

This report examines the nature of interlinkages between Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), underpinned by a framework for understanding sustainable development goal interactions. Policymakers, practitioners and scientists working on implementing SDGs are the intended audience for this report.
Research
12 May 2017

Industry influence on biodiversity policy: A pilot study demonstrating industry associations’ engagement on biodiversity-related policy and regulations

InfluenceMap
This report reveals that industry associations representing key sectors and some of the largest companies in the world are lobbying to delay, dilute, and block critically needed biodiversity policy in both the EU and US. The vast majority of engagement on specific policies and regulations is oppositional, seeking to roll back, weaken, or block policy.
Research
24 October 2022

The nature-based economy: How Australia’s prosperity depends on nature

Australian Conservation Foundation
This report highlights the link between nature and economic productivity in Australia. The report illustrates that approximately half of Australia’s GDP is directly dependent on specific ecosystem services derived from natural capital. The report sets out recommendations for action to halt and reverse the decline of nature in order to create a Nature Positive future.
Research
6 September 2022

Breaking the plastic wave: A comprehensive assessment of pathways towards stopping ocean plastic pollution

Systemiq
This report highlights innovative solutions and strategies that can reduce plastic pollution by 80% by transforming how plastic is produced, used, and managed. The report uses thorough analysis to identify specific opportunities for various stakeholders - from policymakers to businesses and consumers - to curb plastic waste and achieve measurable results.
Research
28 October 2020

Managing nature-related financial risks: A precautionary policy approach for central banks and financial supervisors

UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose
This research paper argues that central banks and financial supervisors must adopt a precautionary policy approach to address the increasing nature-related financial risks in both the real economy and the financial system. This approach should be integrated into a wider set of regulatory and policy instruments to tackle environmental breakdown.
Research
16 September 2020

A comprehensive overview of global biodiversity finance

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
This report aims to provide a comprehensive overview and an aggregate estimate of global biodiversity finance. It aims to provide an outline of government support that is potentially harmful to biodiversity and offers recommendations for improving the assessment, tracking, and reporting of biodiversity finance.
Research
6 April 2020

Investors can assess nature now: A guide to assessing water and deforestation issues in investment portfolios

First Sentier Investors
First Sentier Investors presents a five-step approach for sector and company-level assessments of nature and biodiversity with a focus on freshwater and forests.
Research
13 September 2023

Integrating nature: The case for action on nature-related financial risks

Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
The Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL) has written this paper to equip senior management within financial institutions to integrate nature-related risks into financial decisions. The paper details why action needs to be taken and the steps to accelerate the integration of nature into finance.
Research
7 April 2022

Moving mountains: Unlocking private capital for biodiversity and ecosystems

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
The Biodiversity Finance Initiative (BIOFIN) seeks to expand private sector contribution and collaboration in biodiversity conservation by developing this guide to assist their understanding of biodiversity and role of private capital in sustainability. This guide aims to assist the private sector in developing finance solutions for biodiversity conservation and finance.
Research
14 November 2019

The little book of investing in nature

Global Canopy
Governments and investors are increasingly aware of their responsibility in promoting biodiversity through finance. This book features a comprehensive guide to developing sustainable investment strategies and planning, investment activities to pursue and avoid, case studies of current and past efforts, and an overview of the investment options which promote biodiversity.
Research
11 January 2021

The economics of biodiversity: The Dasgupta review

Her Majesty’s Treasury (HM Treasury)
The Dasgupta Review analyses the economics of biodiversity. It makes the case for the natural environment as our most precious asset and argues for the need to account for nature in economics.
Research
2 February 2021

Finance and biodiversity: Overview of initiatives for financial institutions

Finance for Biodiversity Foundation
In collaboration with international organisations, the Finance for Biodiversity Pledge has developed an overview of the main biodiversity-related initiatives currently targeting financial institutions. The Overview features a summary of twelve major initiatives and defines its key activities, collaboration, delivery, and goals it aims to achieve.
Research
19 January 2022

Bankrolling plastics: The banks that fund plastic packaging pollution

Portfolio Earth
Banks continue to finance the global plastics chain, despite the significant risks of lender liability from the impacts of plastic waste. This report highlights the lack of development of any due diligence systems, contingent loan criteria, or financing exclusions at the banks when it comes to the plastic packaging industry.
Research
5 January 2021

Bankrolling extinction: The banking sector's role in the global biodiversity crisis

Portfolio Earth
This report explores the contribution of the banking sector to the biodiversity crisis and the destruction of nature as of 2019. The report ranks the 50 largest banks globally based on their financing of unethical operations, finding a large impact on deforestation, ecosystem destruction and overfishing.
Research
6 January 2020

Handbook for nature-related financial risks: key concepts and a framework for identification

Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
The Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL) has created this handbook and a framework for the identification of nature-related financial risks. It builds on the Dasgupta Review of the economics of biodiversity, enabling financial institutions to begin embedding nature into mainstream financial models, risk frameworks, and portfolio strategies.
Research
12 December 2021

Blueprint for business leadership on the SDGs: A principles-based approach

United Nations Global Compact
Business cannot thrive unless people and planet are thriving. This publication presents a framework for the next generation of business leadership with the intention to foster contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals at scale.
Research
21 September 2017
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