This report reviews research on climate finance, focusing on how climate risks affect financial markets. It discusses theoretical models and empirical evidence on pricing climate risk in equities, bonds, housing, and mortgages, and explores portfolio strategies for hedging. Future research directions in modelling, measurement, and financial stability are highlighted.

This report examines the link between shareholder rights and corporate performance in the 1990s. Using a Governance Index across 1,500 firms, it finds that stronger shareholder rights were associated with higher valuations, profits, and growth, while weaker rights correlated with lower performance and abnormal underperformance.

This report examines how investor and manager motivations—driven by either financial value or personal values—shape sustainable finance and ESG practices. It highlights definitional ambiguities, performance debates, and cultural differences, calling for clearer research to distinguish pecuniary risk-return considerations from non-pecuniary preferences in ESG investing.

The report outlines the fourth edition of the Science Based Targets initiative’s target-setting protocol. It provides updated guidance, criteria, and methodology for companies to set near-term science-based greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, aligning with 1.5°C pathways and incorporating broader coverage across sectors, geographies, and organisational boundaries.

Joint Research Centre (JRC) is the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It provides independent research and data to support EU policies on climate change, energy, health, food security, digital innovation and safety. JRC delivers scientific evidence to help policymakers address global challenges with reliable analysis and solutions.

This report estimates the climate adaptation market will grow from US\$1tn in 2024 to US\$4tn by 2050, with US\$2tn driven by global warming. Investment opportunities could reach US\$9tn, spanning emerging and established solutions, largely resilient to climate scenario differences over the next 25 years.

This report outlines RIAA’s policy platform to strengthen sustainable finance in Aotearoa New Zealand. It recommends a national strategy, clearer ESG disclosures, taxonomy alignment with global standards, anti-greenwashing measures, Māori inclusion, human rights protections, and alignment with biodiversity and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Sustainable investing strategies that reallocate capital from brown to green firms may unintentionally worsen environmental outcomes. This study finds that green firms show minimal environmental improvement from lower capital costs, while brown firms become more polluting when financially constrained. Current investment approaches offer weak incentives for impactful emissions reductions.

Market Forces works to hold financial institutions accountable for funding environmentally harmful projects. Based in Australia, it campaigns for banks, superannuation funds and governments to align investments with climate goals. Market Forces provides research, advocacy tools and transparency on fossil fuel financing to support climate-conscious financial decision-making.

The Plastic Banks Tracker evaluates banks' roles in financing the plastics lifecycle, focusing on single-use plastics. It assesses banks across three phases—acknowledgement, policy development, and implementation—using 21 criteria aligned with international standards. The tool aims to encourage banks to reduce financing for harmful plastic production and support sustainable alternatives.

This study examines the visibility of climate-related disclosures in reports from 28 large Australian ASX50 firms during 2022. It finds that disclosures on physical climate risks are generally limited and superficial, whereas opportunities from the transition to a low-carbon economy are more prominently highlighted, indicating selective disclosure practices across sectors.

The Australian Sustainable Finance Taxonomy (2025) provides a framework classifying economic activities aligned with environmental sustainability goals, particularly climate mitigation. It includes performance-based criteria for key sectors such as agriculture, mining, energy, construction, and transport, facilitating sustainable capital allocation, consistent reporting, and transition planning, thus supporting Australia’s transition to a net-zero emissions economy.

The RIAA Policy Platform 2025 outlines nine policy priorities and two principles to align Australia’s finance system with sustainability goals. It recommends regulatory reforms, improved data, Indigenous inclusion, and stronger accountability to mobilise capital for a net zero, nature-positive economy that supports long-term economic resilience and societal wellbeing.

The PRI Resolution Database provides information on shareholder resolutions, management proposals, and votes, aiming to enhance transparency in shareholder advocacy and proxy voting. It includes details on ESG themes, proposal statuses, and allows PRI signatories to pre-declare voting intentions.

This report outlines three systemic shifts needed to align finance with sustainability: policy reform to drive market incentives, mindset changes to embrace long-term value, and structural financial changes to embed environmental and social risks. It highlights barriers and proposes actions to support an inclusive, sustainable economic transition.

AI is reshaping financial services by enhancing efficiency, reducing costs and unlocking new revenue opportunities. With $97 billion in projected investment by 2027, firms must address risks like misinformation and data bias while prioritising governance, regulation and workforce reskilling to ensure responsible, secure and effective AI adoption.