The research investigates the disagreement in Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) ratings between rating providers. Three factors are identified: measurement divergence, scope divergence and weight divergence. The paper argues for a standardisation of ESG indicators and measurement procedures to reduce the discrepancy in ESG ratings.

British International Investment is the UK’s development finance institution and impact investor focused on solving development challenges. Their investments in green infrastructure, technology and other sectors, help create more sustainable and inclusive economies in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean, enabling people to build better lives for themselves and their communities.

This report describes how a market for mainstream investments that contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), could be created with enough liquidity, scale, and diversification, to attract a range of investors. It inspires and guides companies, governments, and cities, to benefit from better funding while implementing the Paris Goals.

The report examines whether laws within eleven diverse jurisdictions support institutional investors in pursuing sustainability outcomes, while at the same time earning a financial return. It discusses options available to policymakers for legal reform in order to facilitate investing for sustainability impact.

Eight major value chains contribute to over half of the global carbon emissions, indicating that decarbonisation of the supply-chain will be essential in addressing corporate climate change impact. Abatement solutions are already available and affordable. This report addresses how to decarbonise the value chain based on industry.

This report provides an applicable agenda for businesses to contribute to the development of practical roadmaps that address the most important drivers of nature loss and build a nature-positive future. It is the second part of a three-part New Nature Economy Report series.

This McKinsey Sustainability report discusses the climate impact of methane emissions in five key sectors: agriculture, oil and gas, coal mining, waste management, and wastewater. Existing barriers for abatement of methane emission and potential solutions and trade-offs for stakeholders to consider are presented.

This report explores the contribution of the banking sector to the biodiversity crisis and the destruction of nature as of 2019. The report ranks the 50 largest banks globally based on their financing of unethical operations, finding a large impact on deforestation, ecosystem destruction and overfishing.

The Climate transparency report 2021 summarises the climate actions of G20 countries using the latest emissions data. It covers 100 indicators on decarbonisation, climate policies, finance, and vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Providing country ratings, it identifies leaders and laggards in transition to a net zero-emission economy.

The Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL) has created this handbook and a framework for the identification of nature-related financial risks. It builds on the Dasgupta Review of the economics of biodiversity, enabling financial institutions to begin embedding nature into mainstream financial models, risk frameworks, and portfolio strategies.

Addresses the concept of civic energy concerning the municipal ownership of energy systems in the UK and Germany by contrasting their banking systems to demonstrate how social and cultural values have shaped the civic energy sector. In turn, this demonstrates the importance of financial institutions in the low-carbon transition.

Business cannot thrive unless people and planet are thriving. This publication presents a framework for the next generation of business leadership with the intention to foster contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals at scale.

United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) has improved financial inclusion, through implementing its Expanding Financial Access and Digital and Financial Literacy (REFAD) program in Rwanda, and by working with local partners to help cater digital financial solutions and improve financial literacy for rural and refugee communities.

This report proposes a framework for financial institutions to consider biodiversity-related liability risks in their broader assessment of financial risks associated with biodiversity. Understanding the potential of liability risks will help financial institutions identify, price and mitigate the direct and indirect impacts of biodiversity-related risks.

This report examines the trend of Chinese power companies’ increasing capital expenditure into coal power in China, and presents evidence of how it can be a financial risk for investors. It also provides recommendations for investors to engage with company management and apply greater scrutiny to company investments in coal fired power.

Adopting an organisational risk lens, this report explores the potential extent and interconnectedness of climate-related impacts to New Zealand Fisheries through two, alternate scenarios (reflecting 2ºC and 4ºC of global warming) set in the year 2050. The report aims to support strategic decision making about sustainable utilisation of New Zealand's ocean resources.