Library | Sustainable Finance Practices

Impact measurement and verification

Resources for developing metrics and frameworks to measure, monitor, implement and verify the environmental, social, and financial impacts of investments.

Refine
Resource type
Sustainable Finance Practices
ESG issues
SDGs
SASB Sustainability Sector
Finance relevance
Asset Class
Location
TAG
198 results
REFINE
SHOW: 16

Mitigation goal standard: An accounting and reporting standard for national and subnational greenhouse gas reduction goals

World Resources Institute
This report outlines a standardised framework for governments to design, assess, and report on greenhouse gas mitigation goals. It defines principles, methodologies, and accounting requirements to support consistent and transparent emissions tracking and goal evaluation at national and subnational levels.
Research
24 November 2016

The greenhouse gas protocol: A corporate accounting and reporting standard

World Resources Institute
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Standard provides a framework for businesses to quantify and report greenhouse gas emissions. It establishes standardised accounting principles, categorises emissions by scope, and offers guidance for setting organisational and operational boundaries. The Standard promotes transparency, consistency, and comparability in corporate GHG inventories.
Research
13 April 2004

Corporate value chain (scope 3) accounting and reporting standard: Supplement to the GHG protocol corporate accounting and reporting standard

World Resources Institute
The Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard provides a consistent framework for measuring and reporting indirect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across a company’s value chain. It outlines 15 categories of Scope 3 emissions, offers guidance on boundary setting, data collection, and reporting, and aims to improve transparency, enable emissions reduction, and support strategic decision-making.
Research
16 April 2013

Counterproductive sustainable investing: The impact elasticity of brown and green firms

Sustainable investing strategies that reallocate capital from brown to green firms may unintentionally worsen environmental outcomes. This study finds that green firms show minimal environmental improvement from lower capital costs, while brown firms become more polluting when financially constrained. Current investment approaches offer weak incentives for impactful emissions reductions.
Research
5 October 2024

Targeting net zero: The need to redesign bank decarbonization targets

Reclaim Finance
This report examines the limitations of current bank decarbonisation targets and proposes design reforms to align with net zero. It analyses scope coverage, target types, and sector alignment, offering practical recommendations for enhancing climate credibility and effectiveness in financial institutions’ transition planning.
Research
18 September 2024

University of Adelaide

Academic Institutions
The University of Adelaide, established in 1874, is Australia's third-oldest university and a member of the prestigious Group of Eight. Ranked among the top 100 globally, it offers a diverse range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Located in Adelaide, South Australia, the university is renowned for its research excellence and vibrant campus life.
Organisation
1 research item

Corporate nature targets: Ensuring the credibility of EU-regulated commitments

World Wide Fund for Nature (World Wildlife Fund – WWF)
This report analyses EU corporate nature-target setting under the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and European Sustainability Reporting Standards. It recommends aligning targets with Science Based Targets for Nature (SBTN) to enhance credibility, comparability, and ensure alignment with ecological thresholds, fostering transparency across corporate value chains and EU environmental objectives.
Research
15 October 2024

Find it, fix it, prevent it: Modern slavery report 2024

CCLA
CCLA’s 2024 report outlines investor-led efforts to address modern slavery through corporate engagement, policy advocacy, and improved data. Key sectors include construction and agriculture. Progress was made via benchmarking and collaborative initiatives, though disclosure and remedy remain limited. EU legislation and stakeholder coordination are driving further momentum.
Research
2 October 2024

The state of 'S' reporting in ESG: Locating opportunities for unlocking corporate social impact

Centre for Social Impact
This report analyses how ASX100 and leading private companies disclose social topics in ESG reporting. It identifies gaps in external impact measurement and highlights opportunities to standardise disclosures. Most reporting focuses on internal workforce issues, with less emphasis on value chain impacts and community engagement.
Research
29 May 2025

Putting TNFD to work: Insights from early adopters

ISS
This report analyses how early adopters are implementing the TNFD framework, highlighting integration with climate disclosures, flexible use of the LEAP approach, and application of data tools. Insights show how businesses align nature-related risks with strategy and reporting, with regional uptake led by Asia Pacific and Europe.
Research
13 May 2025

Drova’s ESG stakeholder materiality assessment

Drova’s ESG Stakeholder Materiality Assessment is a digital tool designed to identify and prioritise environmental, social, and governance issues relevant to an organisation and its stakeholders. Aligned with frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), it facilitates stakeholder engagement and produces a materiality matrix to inform sustainability strategy. The platform streamlines the assessment process, reducing time and cost compared to traditional methods.
Online tool/database

UNEP FI's human rights screening and risk assessment: investment and lending operations

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
The UNEP FI Human Rights Screening and Risk Assessment tool provides financial institutions with a structured framework to identify and evaluate human rights risks at both portfolio and transaction levels. It aligns with the UN Guiding Principles and OECD guidance, promoting integration of human rights considerations into investment and lending operations.
Online tool/database

Recalibrating feedback loops: Guidance for asset owners and institutional investors assessing the influence of system-level investing

The Investment Integrated Project (TIIP)
This report guides asset owners in assessing how their investments affect systemic environmental and social issues. It introduces a framework to align investment practices with system-level goals and improve financial system resilience. Case studies explore climate change, income inequality, and racial inequity to illustrate practical applications.
Research
7 December 2023

The imperative for impact management: Clarifying the relationship between impacts, system-wide risk and materiality

The report argues that managing environmental and social impacts is essential for sustainable financial performance. It connects impacts to both entity-specific and system-wide risks, urging enterprises, investors, and policymakers to adopt a unified, evidence-based impact management approach aligned with global sustainability goals and evolving disclosure standards.
Research
1 June 2023

Fossil to Clean — business action checklists

We Mean Business
The Fossil to Clean Business Action Checklists provide sector-specific guidance for companies to transition from fossil fuels to clean energy. Developed by the We Mean Business Coalition, the tool outlines key actions aligned with science-based targets and global climate goals. It supports practical implementation of climate commitments.
Online tool/database

CA100+ net zero benchmark

Investor Group on Climate Change
​Climate Action 100+ focuses on 169 companies crucial to the global net-zero emissions transition. The tool provides assessments of these companies' alignment with climate goals, aiding investors in evaluating climate-related financial risks and opportunities.
Online tool/database
PREV
1 of 13
NEXT