The Climate and Nature Sovereign Index (CNSI) is a framework assessing climate and nature-related risks at a country level. It utilises real-time and forward-looking indicators to help sovereign debt investors evaluate environmental risks and engage with countries on sustainable policies, aiming to integrate environmental considerations into sovereign debt investing for better long-term outcomes.

This guide offers a comprehensive framework for involving stakeholders in development projects. They aim to achieve effective communication, transparency, and inclusive participation, ensuring that the concerns and interests of all stakeholders, including vulnerable groups, are considered. This promotes better project outcomes, reduces risks, builds trust, and fosters sustainable and equitable development.

This report provides investors with insights into leading practices for integrating biodiversity into investment strategies. It highlights best practices, case studies, and practical recommendations for enhancing the sustainability and resilience of investment portfolios.

The report explores how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can address challenges in global pension systems. It highlights AI's potential to enhance governance, personalisation, fraud prevention, and investment strategies while emphasising ethical implementation and data privacy considerations to optimise retirement outcomes and ensure system sustainability.

The report highlights the environmental impact of digital assets, focusing on energy-intensive proof-of-work (PoW) consensus mechanisms in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. It underscores significant carbon emissions and advocates transitioning to less energy-demanding models, renewable energy use, and cross-border cooperation. Policy recommendations include targeted regulation, enhanced data transparency, and leveraging distributed ledger technologies for sustainable finance.

This paper outlines Federated Hermes' expectations and engagement priorities for sectors characterised by having high biodiversity impacts and dependencies. These include consumer goods and retail, agrochemicals, mining and materials, oil and gas, utilities, real estate and construction, and finance.

This CEO brief by the WEF focuses on the business case for nature, highlighting the importance of integrating nature into financial decision-making to achieve sustainable economic growth and biodiversity conservation.

The report provides a guide to sustainable finance in the real estate sector, focusing on green building projects eligible for green bonds and loans. It details key principles, certification frameworks like BREEAM and LEED, and sustainable finance's role in addressing climate action, resource efficiency, and social impact.

The report reviews the role of digital finance in advancing sustainability goals through bibliometric and thematic analysis of 168 studies. It identifies key themes like financial inclusion, green finance, and fintech, proposing a conceptual framework to align digital innovation with sustainable development, fostering eco-friendly investments, and promoting global financial inclusion.

Bitcoin mining has significant environmental impacts, driven by its reliance on electricity-intensive processes. In 2020-2021, mining consumed 173 TWh of electricity, primarily from fossil fuels, and emitted 86 Mt CO2, contributing to climate change, water scarcity, and land use issues. Global regulatory action is urgently needed.

The report explores the potential of blockchain technology in financing infrastructure projects. It evaluates blockchain's capabilities in enhancing efficiency, transparency, and accessibility in infrastructure tokenisation, while addressing challenges like regulatory constraints, market adoption, and technical barriers. The findings highlight both opportunities and limitations for integrating blockchain into infrastructure financing.

The report reviews blockchain's role in sustainability, analysing 10,188 studies. It highlights blockchain's potential in supply chain management, energy systems, and IoT-based solutions like smart cities. However, gaps persist in aligning blockchain applications with global ESG regulations and carbon trading mechanisms. Recommendations aim to improve blockchain's utility in achieving net-zero goals.

This report aims to enable a better understanding of the business sectors and financial mechanisms a risk from biodiversity destruction and lay the ground-work for target setting by the finance sector. It also supports investors in understanding the broader economic implications of biodiversity loss, offering insights and recommendations for integrating biodiversity into business and investment strategies.

The white paper summarises and presents key information about biodiversity risks and opportunities for investors, drawing from prominent publications by a range of international agencies. The paper re-produces popular charts from papers such as the Millennial Ecosystem Assessment, WEF Nature Risk report series, and the WEF Global Risk Report to highlight the key investment/business case for biodiversity.

This field guide helps investors identify and assess nature-related impacts and dependencies across eight key sectors. It provides sector-specific insights and strategies for integrating nature considerations into investment decisions.

This guide provides detailed instructions for conducting due diligence in relation to deforestation-free supply chains. It offers practical steps and tools for businesses to identify, assess, and mitigate deforestation risks in their supply chains, promoting sustainable and responsible sourcing practices.