Analyses 213 wellbeing indicators using semantic modelling to identify conceptual overlap and optimal design beyond GDP. Finds strong thematic convergence and diminishing returns beyond roughly 20 components. Proposes a synthesised 20-component indicator to support international consensus on measuring sustainable and inclusive wellbeing.

This BIS working paper analyses water scarcity’s macroeconomic effects using panel data for 169 countries (1990–2020). It finds higher water stress is associated with lower GDP and investment growth and higher inflation. The paper discusses sectoral impacts, pricing, infrastructure and climate scenarios, highlighting implications for economic policy and central banks.

This report argues that despite widespread concern about climate and nature, durable policy support depends on restoring belief in human progress. Drawing on surveys and literature, it proposes three principles: deliver meaningful sectoral gains, play to national strengths, and make progress visible to build optimism, agency and sustained public backing.

Evaluates a forest-metaphor learning tool for circular economy education through comparative workshops in 2023 and 2025. Survey results show the tool deepened understanding, generated more concrete insights and increased productive tension with existing business models, supporting conceptual change and more fruitful engagement with circular business thinking.

Provides system-level investors with practical language, research and engagement tools to address macroeconomic and systemic risks. Argues diversified portfolios depend primarily on overall market performance, which is shaped by social and environmental externalities, and supports stewardship actions to protect long-term portfolio value.

This report argues climate damage functions systematically underestimate risks by relying on smooth, GDP-centred models. Drawing on expert elicitation, it highlights nonlinear, cascading and tail risks, tipping points, and limits to growth. It recommends recalibrating modelling and financial supervision towards precaution, systemic resilience and transparent uncertainty.

Aurora Trust is a UK-based grant-making charity focused on climate change mitigation, environmental conservation and sustainable development. Part of the Sainsbury Family Charitable Trusts, it funds programmes in nature connection, sustainable farming, stopping deforestation and energy efficiency to support efforts aligned with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5 °C goal.

The OpenFEMA National Risk Index Data is a dataset that shows which United States communities are most at risk from 18 natural hazards, using measures of expected annual loss, social vulnerability and community resilience. Data are available for counties and Census tracts and can be downloaded for analysis.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is a United States government agency within the Department of Homeland Security focused on disaster management. It helps communities prepare for, respond to, recover from, and mitigate natural and human-made emergencies. FEMA provides emergency assistance, risk reduction guidance, and resilience resources nationwide.

The Climate Finance Vulnerability Index (CliF-VI) is a data-driven global tool that assesses nations’ climate risk alongside their financial capacity to respond, helping guide adaptation financing. It combines climate, financial and governance indicators in an interactive dashboard to inform equitable allocation of climate adaptation funds.

Columbia University is a leading research university based in New York City, offering undergraduate, postgraduate and professional education across arts, sciences, engineering, business and medicine.

Through global research initiatives, public policy engagement and interdisciplinary scholarship, Columbia University advances innovation, academic excellence and societal impact, and community partnerships worldwide for society.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a United States government scientific agency offering weather, climate, ocean, and coastal data, forecasts and warnings. It supports environmental monitoring, severe weather preparedness, marine resource management and global observation services.

The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a World Bank-managed, multi-donor partnership that provides grants, technical assistance and tools to help low- and middle-income countries understand, manage and reduce disaster and climate risks. It supports resilience planning, risk analytics and disaster risk management integration into development.

The SENSES Toolkit is an interactive online platform offering modules to learn about, visualise and explore climate change scenarios. It supports decision-makers in understanding scenario approaches, climate impacts, mitigation and adaptation pathways, with practical guidelines for policy, finance and regional users.

Fachhochschule Potsdam University of Applied Sciences (FHP) is a German university offering practice-oriented degree programmes in design, civil engineering, social sciences and information sciences. Based in Potsdam, FHP combines applied research, knowledge transfer and international collaboration, supporting innovation, urban development and digital transformation through teaching, research projects and industry partnerships.

Wageningen University & Research (WUR) is a leading Dutch academic institution focused on sustainable food systems, climate change, biodiversity, agriculture and environmental science.

It combines university education with applied and fundamental research to address global challenges in nutrition, health, water and circular bioeconomy. WUR partners with industry and governments worldwide.