Library | ESG issues

Carbon Intensive Industries

Carbon-intensive industries, such as fossil fuels, agriculture, and transport, are major contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. Investing in these industries can pose risks due to regulatory changes, reputational concerns, and shifting consumer preferences. Opportunities exist in technologies and practices that reduce carbon emissions.

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Investor expectations of corporate transition plans: From a to zero

Institutional Investor Group on Climate Change (IIGCC)
This report outlines key components for a credible corporate transition plan aligned with net-zero pledges under the Net Zero Investment Framework (NZIF). The guidance aims to help investors assess corporate emissions targets and progress towards decarbonisation. It is designed to be applicable across different sectors and geographies.
Research
28 April 2023

Climate horizons

Centre for Policy Development (CPD)
This report explores how Australian companies and investors should manage and disclose climate-related risks and opportunities. It suggests scenario-based analysis is a key tool for this, which can be consistent with Australia's international climate commitments and the recommendations of the Financial Stability Board's Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD).
Research
28 November 2017

The impact of climate change on the UK insurance sector: A climate change adaptation report by the Prudential Regulation Authority

The report warns insurance companies to prepare for the physical, transition and liability risks related to climate change. It provides a comprehensive review of how to manage future implications from climate change on financial stability and insurance.
Research
29 September 2015

Rethinking impact to finance the SDGs

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
This paper examines the financing gap for the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and proposes new innovative solutions for stakeholders, including the need for stronger integrated planning, strategic thinking and policy integration to meet the US$5-7tn annual financing requirement.
Research
8 November 2018

Climate scenario analysis: Cement's financial performance under 2°c and 2.7°c

The report examines the financial implications of climate transition scenarios on the cement sector's future. It provides useful insights to company analysis and financial risk analysis for the cement sector, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the impact of climate transition scenarios.
Research
26 July 2018

Asset-level data and the energy transition: Findings from ET risk work package 2

Sustainable Finance Observatory
This report demonstrates the potential of asset-level data to manage risks and opportunities arising from the transition to a net-zero emissions economy. The authors develop a demonstrator database of assets across six carbon-intensive industries, calculating cumulative committed carbon emissions (CCCE) and potential reductions (RCCCE) through retrofits.
Research
10 April 2018

Leaders or laggards? Tax and revenue transparency of ASX listed mining, gas and oil companies

Ethical Partners
This report investigates the tax and revenue transparency disclosure policies of 20 ASX listed mining, gas and oil companies. It examines indicators deemed as "best practices" for conformity to standards, such as country-by-country reporting, mandatory disclosure legislation and The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. Recommendations are to move towards mandatory regulation and better disclosure.
Research
27 July 2020

Toward ESG alpha: Analyzing ESG exposures through a factor lens

This paper investigates the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) exposures and factor returns for 1,312 US equity mutual funds. The study suggests that factor tilts, rather than pure ESG considerations, drive factor returns. ESG components unrelated to factors carry insignificant excess return premiums that are economically small.
Research
26 October 2020

A toolbox of sustainable crisis response measures for central banks and supervisors – second edition: Lessons from practice

Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment
This report is a toolbox of options for central banks and supervisors to align crisis response measures with climate and sustainability objectives. The second edition includes an extended analysis of sustainability-linked measures. It also highlights the importance of moving from voluntary to mandatory environmental reporting and recommends efficient disclosure to regulated financial institutions.
Research
1 November 2020

Decarbonising cement: The role of institutional investors

ShareAction
This report outlines why cement production is carbon-intensive and provides pathways for decarbonisation. A 60% reduction in emissions by 2050 is required to limit temperature increases to 1.75°C. Institutional investors need to engage with cement companies and cut off funding for carbon-intensive infrastructure to mitigate climate-related risks.
Research
8 October 2019

Connecting the dots: Energy transition scenarios and credit quality

This report explores the implications of climate transition scenarios for the credit quality of nine companies in power utilities, cement, and steel. It shows the potential credit consequences of failing to mitigate risks and grasp opportunities associated with the low-carbon transition. The study highlights the value of granular scenario analysis for investors.
Research
8 January 2019

Guide to banking and sustainability - edition 2

United Nations Environment Programme
This guide provides advice, best practices, and case studies for banks to integrate sustainability principles into their operations and services, ultimately enhancing the long-term value of their businesses
Benchmark/series
30 May 2017

Fossil fuel divestment strategies: Financial and carbon-related consequences

This study examines financial and carbon-related impacts of fossil fuel divestment strategies. Empirical analysis of a Canadian stock index suggests ethical divestment reduces carbon exposure and performs as well or better than the benchmark.
Research
8 February 2019

User’s guide to IFC’s sustainability assessment and improvement tool for midsize growth companies

International Finance Corporation
This tool aims to help small to mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) manage environmental and social risk and support long-term growth. The tool is contextualised for SMEs and provides comprehensive guidance focusing on environmental, social, and governance risk factors while presenting a pathway for manageable, systemic improvements.
Research
5 October 2023

Do socially responsible firms walk the talk?

This study evaluates U.S. firms that signed the Business Roundtable's stakeholder capitalism pledge. Despite claims of social responsibility, signatories performed worse on environmental, labor, and governance metrics than peers, both before and after signing. The results suggest these public commitments lacked substance and may have been strategic signaling.
Research
2 November 2023

Opportunity NOCs: How investors can jumpstart energy transitions in national oil companies

International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
This report outlines how national oil companies (NOCs) must begin decarbonising to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, and how investors can influence and incentivise the energy transition. It shows that NOCs constitute half of the world’s oil and gas production and control two-thirds of global reserves, making them of great interest to investors.
Research
16 February 2023
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