Library | ESG issues
Deforestation
Deforestation involves the removal of natural forests, often for agriculture or urban development, leading to carbon emissions, biodiversity loss, and habitat destruction. Sustainable forestry practices, such as replanting and conservation, are crucial for mitigating its environmental and social impacts. Key drivers include agriculture, timber production, mining, urban expansion, energy development, and textile manufacturing, all of which contribute to forest loss through land clearing and resource extraction.
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Traceability Tools Navigator
The Traceability Tools Navigator, developed by Preferred by Nature and WWF, allows users to compare digital tools for supply chain monitoring. It provides a standardised framework to evaluate traceability and risk assessment capabilities for forest-risk commodities.
The Global Forest Goals report 2026
The Global Forest Goals Report 2026 assesses progress towards 26 targets. While protected areas and management plans have expanded, the world remains off track in halting deforestation and eradicating poverty. The report recommends scaling up innovative financing and strengthening cross-sectoral governance to preserve vital forest ecosystems by 2030.
EU’s deforestation footprint highlights need for EUDR
Trase’s assessment reveals the European Union was exposed to 112,500 hectares of annual deforestation between 2021 and 2023. While palm oil exposure fell 91% since 2014, cocoa and cattle remain significant risks. Effective EUDR implementation is vital to sustain progress, particularly as re-export modelling identifies Germany as highly exposed.
Indonesia’s 2026 fires: mapping exposure to bond issuers
This report maps the exposure of bond issuers to Indonesia’s 2026 fires and subsequent regulatory actions in Indonesia and Singapore. It categorises companies by operational or commercial exposure, highlighting potential financial risks from production losses, certification disputes, and tightening credit conditions for entities linked to transboundary haze.
Scaling tropical forest finance: Perspectives from the Amazon Basin, the Congo Basin, and Borneo
This research identifies a USD66.8 billion annual gap in tropical forest finance by 2030. It evaluates the Tropical Forest Forever Facility as an innovative model for predictable payments for standing forests and recommends landscape-scale approaches and direct funding for Indigenous Peoples to secure biodiversity and climate stability.
Smallholders and the European Union Deforestation Regulation: Challenges, implications, and pathways to compliance
This report examines challenges faced by smallholders under the European Union Deforestation Regulation. Based on a survey of 333 producers, it identifies land tenure, compliance costs, and technical gaps as major barriers. It recommends coordinated support from governments, the private sector, and sustainability organisations to ensure inclusive market access.
Guidance on environmental crime
This TNFD guidance framework enables organisations to incorporate environmental crime into nature-related assessments. It identifies risks from illegal activities, such as deforestation and mining, while providing practical steps for the LEAP approach. The report highlights how managing these risks improves supply chain transparency, regulatory compliance, and overall resilience.
Investor expectations of companies on deforestation
This report details investor expectations for companies to eliminate deforestation and associated human rights risks. Using a five-pillar framework—Commit, Assess, Transform, Engage, and Disclose—it aims to mitigate material financial risks while building supply chain resilience and supporting international climate and biodiversity targets by 2030.
Nature Stocktake
The Nature Stocktake by BankTrack evaluates 30 global banks on their biodiversity commitments and exclusion policies. It provides finance professionals with comparative data on bank alignment with the Global Biodiversity Framework and exposure to forest-risk commodities.
The case of EUDR in Ethiopia: How to secure climate, trade and development goals, and overcome risks of market exclusion
This research evaluates economic and financial risks to Ethiopia’s coffee sector from the European Union Deforestation Regulation. It identifies potential market exclusion for smallholders, significant foreign exchange losses, and financial vulnerabilities, while recommending integrated incentive mechanisms like carbon credits and improved cooperative structures to support compliance and livelihoods.
When clean air is sacrificed for global commodities: Indonesia forest and peatland fire facts report 2026
This report examines the 2026 Indonesia forest and peatland fires, highlighting the failure of restoration efforts and the impact of corporate entities. It details health crises affecting 12.5 million people, significant carbon emissions, and transboundary haze while demanding stricter legal accountability for regional governments and global commodity producers.
Forests & Finance Coalition
Forests & Finance is a database tracking billions in capital flows to forest-risk commodity companies. It provides transparency on financial links to deforestation and human rights risks.
Strengthening synergies between JREDD+ and sustainable supply chains to protect tropical forests
This white paper examines the integration of Jurisdictional REDD+ (JREDD+) programmes with corporate supply chain sustainability. It identifies pathways for corporate engagement, addresses structural barriers, and provides recommendations for recognising jurisdictional progress within sustainability frameworks to scale investment and enhance forest conservation outcomes in commodity production landscapes.
Traceability
The Accountability Framework provides guidance on supply chain traceability to ensure products are free from deforestation and human rights abuses. It outlines traceability requirements for different supply chain actors, defines four approaches for controlling product origins, and provides tools for companies to assess and report on their ethical commitments.
Working across landscapes: An investor guide to managing nature risk at scale
This report provides a framework for investors to manage nature risk through landscape initiatives. It details how collective action addresses deforestation and supply chain resilience while supporting regulatory compliance. The guide includes case studies and engagement questions to help investors evaluate the materiality and maturity of corporate landscape participation.
Deforestation-free Transition (DEFT) Pathway
The DEFT Pathway is a framework developed by Global Canopy and Profundo to help financial institutions categorise and assess corporate progress in eliminating deforestation and ecosystem conversion.
