Library | ESG issues

Environmental

The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.

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One-earth fashion: 33 transformation targets for a just fashion system within planetary boundaries

Public Eye
The report outlines fashion’s environmental and social impacts and proposes 33 time-bound transformation targets across materials, labour, value distribution and governance. It calls for reduced virgin inputs, fair working conditions and paradigm shifts to align the global fashion system with planetary boundaries and social justice.
Research
12 May 2024

3D investing: Implications for net zero

CFA Institute Research & Policy Centre
The report evaluates 3D investing, extending mean–variance optimisation to include sustainability. It shows how integrating forward-looking climate metrics enables portfolios to balance risk, return, and decarbonisation, supporting alignment with Paris-aligned net-zero pathways under realistic investment constraints.
Research
8 November 2024

ITI’s sustainable technology policy guide: Understanding AI’s role in the energy transition

Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)
The report outlines how AI increases energy demand yet supports sustainability through efficiency gains, improved forecasting, and advanced grid management. It recommends grid modernisation, expanded low-carbon power, enhanced data-centre resource efficiency, and lifecycle carbon management to enable reliable, sustainable deployment of next-generation technologies.
Research
21 September 2024

Circular transformation of industries: The role of partnerships

World Economic Forum
This World Economic Forum white paper asserts that strategic partnerships are crucial for scaling circular economy initiatives. It details three value-creation archetypes: circular feedstock, lifespan extension, and platform services. Collaboration enables organisations to secure resources, optimise costs, and drive systemic change, effectively decoupling growth from resource consumption.
Research
20 December 2025

CSRD: A guide to the physical risk requirements

Climate X
This guide explains Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive physical risk requirements, detailing scope, timelines and ESRS E1 disclosures. It outlines how organisations must identify, assess and report climate-related physical risks, financial impacts and adaptation actions, with a focused application to real estate portfolios.
Research
17 July 2024

Assessment of the health impacts and costs associated with indoor nitrogen dioxide exposure related to gas cooking in the European Union and the United Kingdom

Universitat Jaume I
The report estimates premature mortality, years of life lost and asthma cases in the EU and UK attributable to indoor nitrogen dioxide from gas cooking. Using modelling of indoor exposures and concentration–response functions, it quantifies associated economic costs and highlights potential health gains from transitioning to cleaner cooking energy
Research
28 October 2024

Moving forward imagining a sustainable transport system

New Economics Foundation
The report outlines a universal basic services approach to UK transport, highlighting inequitable access, high emissions, and car dependence. It assesses current government reforms and recommends long-term, publicly oriented investment to expand affordable, integrated, low-carbon mobility, prioritising public transport and active travel within environmental limits.
Research
18 December 2024

Animal Industry Data

Commercial Research Providers
Animal Industry Data (AID) is a Seoul-based livestock technology company providing the Farmsplan® digital healthcare platform for livestock health monitoring and farm management using artificial intelligence, biotechnology and veterinary tech. It helps farmers detect disease early, improve productivity and support sustainable animal health solutions.
Organisation
1 research item

Public Library of Science (PLOS)

Scientific Bodies
PLOS (Public Library of Science) is a non-profit open access scientific publisher dedicated to advancing open science and accessible research publishing. It publishes peer-reviewed open access journals spanning life, health, sustainability and technology research, enabling free online access to scientific findings globally.
Organisation

World Organisation for Animal Health

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) is an intergovernmental body setting international standards for animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health. WOAH supports governments through disease surveillance, scientific guidance and capacity building, helping manage transboundary animal diseases and zoonotic risks worldwide, and strengthening global veterinary systems and policy coordination.
Organisation
1 research item

Climate X

Commercial Research Providers
Climate X is a climate risk analytics company providing asset-level physical climate risk data and scenario analysis. It supports financial institutions, insurers and corporates with decision-making, stress testing and regulatory alignment using proprietary climate models and geospatial intelligence.
Organisation
1 research item

Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) is a French agricultural research and international cooperation organisation focused on sustainable development in tropical and Mediterranean regions. It builds scientific knowledge, supports resilient farming systems, and fosters sustainability in food systems, biodiversity and climate adaptation worldwide.
Organisation
1 research item

Sustainable Finance Roundup December 2025: Nature, Regulation, and the Hardening of Risk

This month’s sustainable finance roundup traces the shift from ambition to enforcement, as climate and nature risks become financial, regulatory and legal realities. It covers Australia’s environmental law reforms, the embedding of climate and nature risk through prudential supervision, disclosure and shareholder pressure, and insurer warnings on the limits of insurability. It also highlights how markets are responding to deforestation and biodiversity risk, and how litigation and regulation are reshaping governance and long-term financial resilience.
Article
29 December 2025

Climate finance for low carbon transport: Developing effective transport financing mechanisms for Asia and the Pacific

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
This ESCAP policy brief examines climate finance options for scaling low-carbon transport in Asia–Pacific. It assesses funding gaps, barriers, and mechanisms—including subsidies, carbon pricing, green bonds, PPPs, and international finance—and recommends policy alignment, capacity building, investor matching, and diversified financing to accelerate investment.
Research
12 March 2024

Investing in tomorrow: A guide to building climate-resilient investment portfolios

Investment Leaders Group
This guide outlines how investors can integrate physical climate risks into listed equity and debt portfolios, strengthen portfolio resilience, and mobilise capital for adaptation through asset allocation, due diligence, engagement, and collaboration across policy, finance and the real economy.
Research
15 January 2025

Making money talk nicely: Biodiversity impact assessment for investors

This study compares eight biodiversity impact assessment tools used by investors. It finds low consistency in company rankings due to non-standardised methods, weak transparency and limited validation, concluding that reliance on single tools risks mispricing nature-related financial risk and calling for improved disclosures and spatially explicit approaches.
Research
26 June 2025
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