The IEA’s Energy and AI report examines AI’s rising electricity demand and its capacity to improve energy efficiency, security and innovation. It assesses data centres, grids and end-uses, highlighting skills, infrastructure and policy needs to manage costs, emissions and resilience globally.

This guideline provides practical guidance for cooling manufacturers to achieve Net Zero by 2050, outlining emissions hotspots, regulatory drivers and decarbonisation levers across Scopes 1–3, with emphasis on efficiency, low-GWP refrigerants, value-chain collaboration and science-based targets.

China Sustainable Investment Forum (China SIF) is a non-profit platform promoting sustainable finance and responsible investment in China.China SIF convenes investors, policymakers and researchers, producing ESG research, trend reports and high-profile events to advance environmental, social and governance practices in financial markets.

Forest Carbon and Climate Program (FCCP) at Michigan State University advances research, education and professional training on forest carbon, climate change and sustainable forest management.
FCCP delivers courses, events and applied insights supporting climate-smart forestry, carbon markets and land-use decision-making worldwide.

Global Nation is an independent think-do tank advancing global cooperation and solidarity.
It produces research, policy analysis and convenings on geopolitics, climate, development and governance, supporting governments, multilateral institutions and civil society with practical insights, partnerships and evidence-based recommendations across regions and sectors worldwide, through collaboration and dialogue initiatives programmes.

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is a global body strengthening links between science and policy on biodiversity and ecosystem services. It delivers authoritative assessments, tools and capacity-building to inform decision-making, manage nature-related risks, and support sustainable development worldwide for governments, finance, business and civil society globally.

Carbon Trust is a global climate consultancy and not-for-profit organisation supporting businesses, governments and investors to reduce carbon emissions. It provides research, advisory services and certification on net zero, energy efficiency and sustainable supply chains, helping accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy through practical tools, insights and policy engagement.

This report analyses global financing of transition mineral mining, showing concentrated capital flows, weak financial institution policies, and material environmental and human rights risks. It links bank and investor finance to mining harms across key regions and calls for stronger regulation and safeguards to enable a just energy transition.

This article argues the global food system is the largest source of human-caused methane and deserves far more policy and funding attention. It maps key emission “hot spots”—ruminant livestock, food waste in landfills, biomass burning, and flooded rice fields—and outlines practical mitigation options from dietary shifts to landfill capture and improved rice management.

This article applies a systems lens to stewardship, arguing that fragmented intermediation and entrenched short-term time horizons undermine sustainability outcomes. It calls for recognising these structural barriers as a critical step toward more effective, systems-informed stewardship.

This series presents the Doughnut Economics framework, which assesses economic progress by balancing social foundations with ecological limits. It provides a structured approach to understanding whether human activity meets essential needs while remaining within planetary boundaries, supporting analysis, comparison and application across global, national and local contexts.

Assessing Sovereign Climate-related Opportunities and Risks (ASCOR) is a benchmark series that provides an investor-led framework to assess how sovereigns manage climate-related risks and opportunities. It supports sovereign bond analysis, engagement, and comparison by evaluating national policies, emissions pathways, and climate finance using transparent, publicly available information.

This benchmark series presents forward-looking assessments of global energy, land use and nature transitions. It consolidates expert judgement with structured policy tracking to outline plausible transition pathways across major economies, supporting investors and financial institutions in scenario analysis, risk assessment and strategic planning.

Transformasi untuk Keadilan Indonesia (TuK INDONESIA) is an Indonesian non-governmental organisation based in Jakarta advocating human rights, social justice and environmental accountability in agribusiness, natural resources and finance sectors. It conducts research, campaigns and advocacy to promote sustainable finance, corporate accountability and protection of vulnerable communities.

Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) is a climate policy analysis initiative focused on forecasting government responses to climate change. IPR produces investor-focused research, scenarios and tools, including the Transition Monitor, to assess transition risk, policy timing and financial impacts across sectors and regions for global financial markets and capital allocation decisions.

ET Advisors is a sustainability and climate advisory firm supporting investors, corporates and financial institutions. It provides research-led advice on climate transition, ESG strategy, sustainable finance and long-term value creation, helping organisations manage risk and align with global sustainability and net zero goals.