Library | ESG issues
Environmental
The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.
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Scaling up blue finance to support mangrove-based livelihoods in the Philippines
This report examines mobilising blue finance for mangrove restoration in the Philippines to enhance climate resilience and livelihoods. It proposes a debt-for-mangrove swap framework using multilateral development bank debt management tools. Key recommendations include establishing a mangrove trust fund and improving governance of marine protected areas to attract investment.
The macroeconomic case for investing in climate adaptation
This report synthesises evidence from 300 studies to establish the macroeconomic case for climate adaptation. It projects global GDP per capita losses of 8% by 2050, rising to 12% in lower-income countries. Proactive adaptation offers median benefit-cost ratios of 4:1, bolstering fiscal stability and accelerating sustainable development.
Shelved again: Supermarkets’ missing action on methane
This report assesses 20 global food retailers on their methane reduction efforts. Findings reveal a leadership vacuum, with no supermarket reporting methane emissions or setting specific reduction targets. While European retailers outperform US counterparts, the sector overall fails to address the climate impact of meat and dairy supply chains.
Sand and sustainability: An essential resource for nature and development
This report identifies sand as the world's most consumed solid material, with 50 billion tonnes extracted annually. Valued at USD 569.4 billion in 2024, the market threatens biodiversity and ecosystems. The document provides 24 strategic recommendations to treat sand as a strategic national asset and improve environmental oversight.
Building fast. Falling short. Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction 2025–2026
The 2025–2026 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction examines the sector's slow progress toward net-zero targets. Despite rising floor area and investment, building emissions and energy intensity remain off track. The report recommends urgent fossil-fuel phase-outs, upgraded building codes, and increased renewable energy deployment to meet 2030 milestones.
What is driving innovation in sustainability systems?
This report examines the key drivers of innovation in sustainability systems, including evolving legislation, data accessibility, and the need for inclusive value creation. It highlights case studies in palm oil, aquaculture, and cocoa, while providing strategic insights for scaling successful innovations through collaboration and robust business cases.
Life cycle assessment for cotton (country averages, organic, regenerative, recycled)
This research provides regional life cycle assessment data for cotton cultivation and recycling across key global regions. It identifies environmental hotspots, such as nitrogen fertiliser emissions and electricity consumption, while integrating additional sustainability criteria like soil health, biodiversity, and human rights through an LCA+ approach.
Morocco: Country private sector diagnostic
This World Bank Group report identifies policy actions to unlock private investment in Morocco's decentralised solar, low-carbon textiles, argan oil, and marine aquaculture sectors. It estimates these sectors could collectively catalyse US$7.4 billion in investment and create 166,000 jobs through targeted regulatory reforms and infrastructure improvements.
Miracle crops? Limited potential, serious risks: the environmental case for caution on intermediate and degraded-land biofuel crops in Europe
This T&E report evaluates intermediate and degraded-land crops for EU biofuels. It finds limited domestic supply potential and significant environmental risks, including emissions from fertilisers and land-use change. T&E recommends strict safeguards, a 70% greenhouse gas saving threshold, and prioritising these fuels for the aviation sector only.
The battle for plastic hegemony: the petrochemical historical bloc and the UN Global Plastics Treaty
This report examines the petrochemical historical bloc and its influence on the UN Global Plastics Treaty. It analyses how corporate-led partnerships, such as the Alliance to End Plastic Waste, use the circular economy concept to prioritise downstream waste management while protecting plastic production from restrictive upstream regulations.
Supercharging Australia's future: Mobilising capital for clean energy, industry and climate resilience
This report outlines the Investor Group on Climate Change’s policy priorities for 2026-2030. It identifies five essential jobs for climate policy to reduce systemic risk, attract private capital, and protect long-term economic value, aiming for a climate-resilient Australian economy on track for net zero emissions by 2050.
Battery circularity: Innovation trends for a future source of critical materials
This report examines global innovation trends in battery circularity and critical metal refining. It highlights a surge in patenting activity since 2017, led by Asian companies. The analysis covers policy drivers, recycling technologies, and the role of secondary supplies in enhancing supply chain resilience and environmental sustainability.
Critical minerals – The power factor in commodities
This report explores critical minerals as a structural theme rather than a cyclical trend. It highlights that bottlenecks in downstream processing and high geographic concentration, particularly in China, create strategic vulnerabilities. For investors, value-chain-based assessments are prioritised over short-term price movements to navigate this lasting global economic transformation.
Rare earth elements: Pathways to secure and diversified supply chains
This International Energy Agency report assesses global rare earth supply chains and vulnerabilities. It highlights China's dominance, the USD 6.5 trillion economic risk from potential disruptions, and provides eight strategic recommendations to achieve secure, diversified, and resilient supply through international coordination, increased investment, and innovation in recycling and demand-side technologies.
Progress report of China’s National Carbon Market (2026)
China’s 2026 carbon market report details the expansion of the National ETS into steel, cement, and aluminium sectors. It highlights record trading volumes, the entry into force of the Ecological and Environmental Code, and the use of AI-driven digital infrastructure to support carbon neutrality goals.
IGCC's state of net zero investment series
This benchmark series provides an analysis of climate-related investment practices among institutional investors. It tracks progress against recognised frameworks, identifies structural barriers to capital deployment, and monitors evolving trends. The series explores how assets are managed in response to climate risk, supporting a transition towards net-zero goals.