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Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.

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Banking on climate chaos: Fossil fuel finance series

Rainforest Action Network
The "Banking on Climate Chaos" benchmark report examines global banks' financing of fossil fuel companies, highlighting trends and policy shifts impacting climate goals. This series offers critical insights into financial institutions' roles in supporting fossil fuel expansion and their climate commitments.

Benchmark/series

Great expectations: Is engagement living up to its promise?

PGIM
This report examines whether engagement activities deliver impactful sustainability outcomes, comparing systemic and company-specific engagement. It encourages investors to align engagement goals with investment views, distinguishes escalation mechanisms for equity and debt investors, and emphasises financial materiality for achievable, value-enhancing outcomes. Investors are reminded of their fiduciary responsibility to clients and stakeholders.
Research
20 March 2024

Catalytic capital: A key to aligning infrastructure investments with climate mitigation in emerging markets

Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN)
This report provides a roadmap for directing more institutional capital toward climate infrastructure financing in emerging markets. It identifies the importance of using catalytic capital and outlines four themes crucial to its effective use: targeting, speed, support, and analysis. The report offers recommendations for how to address climate challenges through targeted catalytic interventions.
Research
27 September 2023

The rising tide of greenwashing: Navigating ‘greenwashing’ risks in climate change targets and sustainability credentials

MinterEllison
The report highlights the risks and challenges associated with businesses misrepresenting their sustainability credentials or strategies. The document elaborates on the subject with the help of multiple examples and practical guidelines to reduce legal and reputational exposure to businesses and corporations.
Research
21 December 2022

Measuring what matters: Australia's first well-being framework

Australian Government
Measuring What Matters is Australia's first wellbeing framework, published in July 2023 by the Commonwealth of Australia. It seeks to deepen our understanding of how Australians are faring beyond traditional economic indicators. The framework includes 50 wellbeing indicators under the themes of healthy, secure, sustainable, cohesive, and prosperous societies.
Research
20 July 2023

Communicating the scientific consensus on climate change: Diverse audiences and effects over time

This study finds that communicating the scientific consensus on climate change increases understanding and engagement. Consensus messaging leads to updated beliefs across diverse audiences, with 40% of the original effect lasting 26 days. The treatment effect is most durable for those doubtful or dismissive of climate change.
Research
10 October 2022

Assessment of the six largest pesticide companies’ approaches to addressing biodiversity loss

ShareAction
This assessment evaluates the approaches of six leading pesticide companies toward addressing biodiversity loss. None of the companies has committed to phasing out highly hazardous pesticides, and progress in reporting and disclosure is limited. Investors are urged to heed recommendations and use the report to guide engagements.
Benchmark/series
31 October 2023

The changing climate policy landscape: Considerations for policymakers and the needs of investors

Asia Investor Group on Climate Change (AIGCC)
This report outlines eight key features of effective global climate policies. It analyses how different approaches to policy design shape capital markets' responses. The report also calls on governments to create policies with clear short, medium, and long-term targets that provide the right incentives and ensure a just transition.
Research
6 September 2023

System of environmental-economic accounting 2012: Central framework

United Nations (UN)
This is a statistical framework consisting of a comprehensive set of tables and accounts, which guides the compilation of consistent and comparable statistics and indicators for policymaking, analysis and research. It provides a general introduction to combined physical and monetary presentations and a structure for presenting comparative data across a range of variables.
Research
21 February 2014

Farming our way out of the climate crisis

Project Drawdown
The report focuses on how modifications in farming techniques, land use practices, and food systems can commune climate change reduction, carbon sequestration and carbon sink development and initiates numerous opportunities to become a part of the solution. By changing farming techniques and food systems, we can create numerous opportunities for climate solutions.
Research
29 January 2021

The biomass blind spot

ShareAction
This report highlights the financial and reputational risks associated with the biomass power sector's impact on climate change. The report provides recommendations for investors and banks engaged with the sector, including not providing financial support for new biomass power infrastructure.

Research
7 February 2019

The good transition plan: Climate action strategy development guidance for banks and lending institutions: COP26-version

Climate Safe Lending Network
This guide is designed for banks and lending institutions to assist in the creation of a climate action strategy. The report analyses the challenges and solutions to financing transitions towards a climate-safe world, outlining a comprehensive seven-element framework, key tools for measuring alignment with Paris Goals, and numerous sector guidelines.
Research
1 February 2022

Business reporting on the SDGs: An analysis of the goals and targets 2022

Global Reporting Initiative
This report offers a comprehensive overview of the Sustainable Development Goals and how businesses can align their practices with these goals through transparent disclosures and disclosures reporting. This 2022 edition provides actionable steps for businesses to contribute to sustainable development.
Research
28 July 2022

Authentic sustainability assessment: A user manual for the sustainable development performance indicators

United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)
This report provides guidelines for organisations to measure their sustainability performance and report effectively. The document presents indicators for three areas: economy, society, and environment; these are divided into tiers. It also developed a two-tier framework that uses 61 indicators to assess sustainability performance and progress at an organisational level.
Research
12 November 2022

Petrochemicals: Major credits, carbon risks, green bonds

Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute
This report reviews the petrochemical industry from a joint macro, credit specialist and climate mitigation perspective. It highlights that the industry has the highest energy demand and is the third-largest direct CO2 emitter. The first green bonds came out in 2020, although the sector’s environmental alignment remains questionable to investors.
Research
10 May 2021

Net zero: Practical guide for finance teams of banks

Accounting for Sustainability (A4S)
The guide outlines the role finance departments play in supporting banks to achieve net-zero emissions, in light of the existential risk climate change poses. The report identifies practical steps for finance teams of banks, such as setting interim targets, measuring and reporting progress, and engaging with stakeholders to help their organizations make the transition to net-zero emissions.
Research
6 July 2021
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