Library | ESG issues

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.

Refine
Resource type
Sustainable Finance Practices
ESG issues
SDGs
SASB Sustainability Sector
Finance relevance
Asset Class
Location
TAG
488 results
REFINE
SHOW: 16

Banking on climate chaos series

Banking on Climate Chaos Coalition (BOCC)
The Banking on Climate Chaos is a multi-year research series assessing how major global banks finance fossil fuel activities. It provides a consistent framework to review lending and underwriting linked to fossil fuels and expansion, supporting year-on-year comparison and broader analysis of banking practices.
Benchmark/series
26 June 2025

Endowment impact benchmark series

Intentional Endowments Network
The Endowment Impact Benchmark is a benchmark series that provides a structured assessment and benchmarking framework for endowments and foundations. It evaluates policies, governance, management and transparency related to sustainable and impact investing, enabling consistent comparison and ongoing progress tracking across participating institutions.
Benchmark/series
21 February 2025

Net zero atlas series

FTSE Russell
The COP Net Zero Atlas is an annual research series examining transition and physical climate risks across major economies. It provides a structured framework to assess national climate commitments, policy pathways and exposure to climate hazards, supporting comparative analysis for investors and policymakers.
Benchmark/series
1 November 2024

State and trends of carbon pricing series

The World Bank
The State and Trends of Carbon Pricing series provides an annual, global overview of carbon pricing policies and carbon markets. It reviews the development and structure of carbon taxes, emissions trading systems, and crediting mechanisms to support policy, regulatory, and market analysis.
Benchmark/series
16 June 2025

Climate risk self-assessment survey series

Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
This series presents APRA’s Climate Risk Self-Assessment Surveys, which review how APRA-regulated entities approach governance, risk management, metrics, targets and disclosure of climate-related financial risks. It provides a consistent, periodic view of industry practices and alignment with prudential guidance over time.
Benchmark/series
12 November 2024

Climate fiduciaries: part II – the duty of even-handedness

This article explores the fiduciary duty of even-handedness and its implications for climate-aware pension fund investing, focusing on emerging legal challenges in Australia and Canada. It argues that unmanaged climate risk may breach trustees’ obligations to act equitably across generations, particularly where younger members bear disproportionate long-term harm.
Article
28 January 2026

Directors’ duties navigator: Climate risk and sustainability disclosures series

Commonwealth Climate and Law Initiative
This is a series of legal and governance primers examining directors’ duties and corporate disclosure obligations in relation to climate and sustainability risks. It provides jurisdictional analysis and practical guidance to support board oversight, risk management and reporting as regulatory and market expectations evolve.
Benchmark/series
1 January 2026

Global climate highlights series

Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)
This benchmark series provides a recurring, standardised overview of global climate conditions, produced using consistent observational and reanalysis datasets. It tracks changes across key climate indicators to support comparability over time and inform assessment of longer-term climate trends within a recognised reference framework.
Benchmark/series
14 January 2026

RETScreen

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)
RETScreen is a clean energy management software developed by Natural Resources Canada to assess renewable energy and energy efficiency projects. It supports feasibility analysis, financial evaluation, energy performance tracking and greenhouse gas emissions analysis using integrated global climate, cost and benchmark datasets.
Online tool/database

Carbon Majors

InfluenceMap
Carbon Majors is a public database that quantifies historical and current greenhouse gas emissions attributable to major fossil fuel producers. It provides company-level data, methodologies, and analysis to support climate risk assessment, policy research, and accountability across financial, regulatory, and academic contexts.
Online tool/database

Upright Net Impact Model

Upright Project
Upright Platform offers impact-based ESG analytics that quantify companies’ positive and negative effects across environmental, social and economic dimensions. The S&P 500 ESG preset enables benchmarking of index constituents using monetised impact data to support portfolio analysis and comparability.
Online tool/database

Climate Accountability Institute

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Climate Accountability Institute (CAI) is a nonprofit research organisation advancing climate accountability through analysis of fossil fuel company emissions. It produces the Carbon Majors database, reports and datasets used by researchers, policymakers and litigators to assess corporate responsibility, climate risk, and transition pathways globally for energy systems and emissions transparency.
Organisation
1 research item

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)

Government Organisations & Departments
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is an independent intergovernmental organisation providing global numerical weather prediction and climate data. ECMWF supports forecasting, climate risk analysis, Copernicus services, research, and decision-making through high-resolution models, reanalysis datasets, and open scientific expertise.
Organisation
1 research item

Climate Impact Attribution

Carbon Brief
Carbon Brief’s Attribution Studies Interactive Map is a searchable database mapping published climate-event attribution research. It shows how climate change influenced the likelihood or severity of extreme weather events globally, categorised by country and event type, with visual indicators of study findings on human-caused warming.
Online tool/database

TransitionArc

Climate arc
TransitionArc is a public-facing platform that aggregates leading corporate climate transition data and analysis, enabling comparison of companies’ progress on science-aligned targets and disclosure metrics to support investment, engagement and policy decisions. It streamlines disparate assessments into a coherent view of corporate transition performance
Online tool/database

Sustainability Reporting Navigator

European Accounting Association (EAA)
Sustainability Reporting Navigator (SRNAV) is an online database and benchmarking platform providing access to over 500 mandatory CSRD sustainability reports, interactive comparison tools and research insights to support systematic analysis of corporate sustainability disclosures. It includes a free benchmarking hub for reports and disclosure data under the EU CSRD regime. Accounting Research Centre (ARC) is a research centre operated within the EAA, created to develop and host research tools and databases such as SRNAV.
Online tool/database
PREV
8 of 31
NEXT
Join or sign in to use Alma, Altiorem’s AI Agent. While the Altiorem library is free, Alma is exclusive to paying subscribers.