Library | ESG issues

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.

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Net Zero Asset Managers' target disclosures series

Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative (NZAM)
The Net Zero Asset Managers Target Disclosures is a reporting series that tracks how participating asset managers set, disclose, and update net zero targets over time. It provides a consistent, initiative-wide view of commitments, disclosure practices, governance arrangements, and methodological approaches across reporting years.
Benchmark/series
31 July 2024

Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative (NZAM)

Finance Industry Groups
Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative (NZAM) is a global investor initiative supporting asset managers committed to net zero greenhouse gas emissions. NZAM provides guidance, accountability frameworks, and public target disclosures, helping align investment portfolios with climate goals and support the transition to a net zero economy across global financial markets.
Organisation
1 research item

Sustainable Finance Roundup January 2026: Geopolitics, Energy Transitions, and Systemic Risk

This month’s sustainable finance article roundup examines a landscape increasingly shaped by geopolitics and climate risk, as near-term fragmentation, energy security, and affordability pressures collide with intensifying long-term threats from climate change, biodiversity loss, and water stress. The works featured analyse how these dynamics are reshaping capital allocation, disclosure, and resilience planning, demonstrating the growing need for sustainable finance to integrate geopolitical risk with real-economy transition.
Article
2 February 2026

Corporate climate responsibility monitor series

NewClimate Institute
The Corporate Climate Responsibility Monitor is a recurring research series that independently assesses the transparency, integrity and credibility of corporate climate strategies. It evaluates how major global companies set, disclose and implement emission reduction targets, using a consistent methodology to enable year-on-year comparison across sectors.
Benchmark/series
1 July 2025

Global landscape of climate finance series

Climate Policy Initiative
The Global Landscape of Climate Finance is a benchmark series by Climate Policy Initiative that tracks global climate finance flows, examining the sources, financial instruments, sectors, uses and geographic distribution of public and private investment supporting climate mitigation, adaptation and resilience.
Benchmark/series
3 August 2026

10 New insights in climate science series

Future Earth
The 10 New Insights in Climate Science is an annual series that synthesises recent peer-reviewed climate research across natural and social sciences. It provides a concise, policy-relevant overview of emerging scientific developments to inform decision-makers, practitioners, and stakeholders engaged in climate policy, finance, and governance.
Benchmark/series
21 January 2026

State of supply chain sustainability series

MIT Center for Transportation & Logistics
The State of Supply Chain Sustainability is an annual benchmark series that examines how organisations define, govern, and implement environmental and social sustainability across global supply chains. It provides a consistent research framework to track evolving practices, pressures, and management approaches over time.
Benchmark/series
13 November 2025

Voices of Aotearoa: Demand for ethical investment in New Zealand series

Mindful Money
This annual research series examines public attitudes, expectations and behaviours relating to ethical, responsible and impact investing in New Zealand. It tracks how consumers engage with investment choices, transparency, fund practices and adviser interactions, providing a consistent evidence base to monitor evolving demand over time.
Benchmark/series
7 April 2025

Carbon Market Watch

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Carbon Market Watch is an independent climate policy NGO focused on carbon markets, offsets and climate finance integrity. It monitors EU and global climate policies, produces research and policy analysis, and advocates for robust carbon market rules that protect environmental integrity, human rights and ambition across voluntary and compliance systems.
Organisation
3 research items

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)

Scientific Bodies
World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) is an international initiative advancing climate science and Earth system understanding. It coordinates global research on climate variability, change, extremes and predictability, producing authoritative reports, data and science events that inform policy, risk assessment and climate-resilient decision-making worldwide across sectors and regions for society globally.
Organisation
1 research item

The state of the climate series

This benchmark series provides concise annual assessments of the global climate, using consistent scientific indicators to monitor environmental conditions, human pressures, and system responses. It is designed to support structured analysis and comparison over time for researchers, policymakers, and finance and sustainability professionals.
Benchmark/series
8 October 2024

Peoples' climate vote series

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
The Peoples’ Climate Vote is a global survey series capturing public perspectives on climate change, policy priorities and collective action. Led by international institutions, it provides a consistent framework to understand how people experience climate impacts and how they expect governments, businesses and global actors to respond.
Benchmark/series
13 August 2024

Banking on climate chaos series

Banking on Climate Chaos Coalition (BOCC)
The Banking on Climate Chaos is a multi-year research series assessing how major global banks finance fossil fuel activities. It provides a consistent framework to review lending and underwriting linked to fossil fuels and expansion, supporting year-on-year comparison and broader analysis of banking practices.
Benchmark/series
26 June 2025

Endowment impact benchmark series

Intentional Endowments Network
The Endowment Impact Benchmark is a benchmark series that provides a structured assessment and benchmarking framework for endowments and foundations. It evaluates policies, governance, management and transparency related to sustainable and impact investing, enabling consistent comparison and ongoing progress tracking across participating institutions.
Benchmark/series
21 February 2025

Net zero atlas series

FTSE Russell
The COP Net Zero Atlas is an annual research series examining transition and physical climate risks across major economies. It provides a structured framework to assess national climate commitments, policy pathways and exposure to climate hazards, supporting comparative analysis for investors and policymakers.
Benchmark/series
1 November 2024

State and trends of carbon pricing series

The World Bank
The State and Trends of Carbon Pricing series provides an annual, global overview of carbon pricing policies and carbon markets. It reviews the development and structure of carbon taxes, emissions trading systems, and crediting mechanisms to support policy, regulatory, and market analysis.
Benchmark/series
16 June 2025
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