Library | ESG issues

Inclusive Finance

Inclusive finance, also known as financial inclusion, refers to the provision of accessible, affordable, and timely financial products and services to all individuals and businesses, regardless of income level or socioeconomic status. This encompasses services such as banking, credit, insurance, and payment systems, delivered responsibly and sustainably. By integrating underserved populations into the financial system, inclusive finance fosters entrepreneurship, reduces poverty, and promotes economic growth.

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The missing middles: Segmenting enterprises to better understand their financial needs

Collaborative for Frontier Finance
Small and growing businesses (SGBs) have significant and positive impact on emerging and frontier markets. This report proposes a new segmentation framework to help service providers, enterprises, donors, limited partners (LPs) and field-building organisations understand and navigate the complex landscape of SGB investment in frontier and emerging markets.
Research
2 March 2018

Collaborative for Frontier Finance

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Collaborative for Frontier Finance (CFF) is a multi-stakeholder initiative that aims to increase access to capital for small and growing businesses in emerging markets. CFF works with diverse stakeholders- including local capital providers and institutional investors to accelerate financing solutions that target Small and Growing Businesses.
Organisation
1 research item

Green Growth Knowledge Partnership

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
Green Growth Knowledge Partnership (GGKP) is a global community of policy, business and finance professionals, and organisations, committed to collaboratively generating, managing, and sharing knowledge on the transition to an inclusive green economy. They provide three knowledge platforms offering research, case studies and tools in green finance, policy, and industry.
Organisation
2 research items

ESG 2.0: Measuring and managing investor risks beyond the enterprise-level

The Predistribution Initiative
This paper discusses how current institutional investing practices and asset allocation strategies conflict with ESG objectives. It encourages institutional investors to review their systematic risk-management practices and recommends the diversification of asset allocation to more regenerative investment structures and asset classes.
Research
6 April 2021

Global microscope 2020: The role of financial inclusion in the COVID-19 response

The Economist Intelligence Unit
This report is a study of the enabling environment for financial inclusion in 55 low to middle income countries. It focuses on the role of financial inclusion in terms of how governments in those countries responded to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research
31 December 2020

The Predistribution Initiative

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
The Predistribution Initiative is a non-profit multi-stakeholder effort to co-create improved investment practices and structures which share more wealth and influence with workers and communities. It has the ultimate aim of addressing systemic and systematic risks in markets and investors’ portfolios, such as inequality, climate change and biodiversity loss.
Organisation
2 research items

The promise of fintech: financial inclusion in the post COVID-19 era

International Monetary Fund
This report uses quantitative and qualitative research to further our understanding of developments in digital financial inclusion driven by fintech, and their macroeconomic effects. It also details the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses the future of fintech’s impacts on financial inclusion.
Research
1 July 2020

A research and learning agenda for the impact of financial inclusion

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)
There is consistent evidence of financial services contributing to improved well-being, yet the influence of contextual factors is largely unknown. The theory of change framework identifies several knowledge gaps that funders/researchers can address to develop a more accurate prediction of when financial inclusion policy will generate positive wellbeing outcomes.
Research
14 December 2020

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
The Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP) is an independent think tank that works to empower poor people to build resilience and capture opportunities through financial services. CGAP is a global partnership of more than 30 leading development organisations working to advance the lives of poor people, especially women, through financial inclusion.
Organisation
5 research items

Inclusive business: What it is and why it matters

HEC Paris Society and Organizations Institute
This report examines the concept of inclusive business as a means of enabling disadvantaged populations to participate in economic activity and share economic value. The report provides a comprehensive discussion of what an inclusive business initiative comprises and contains examples showing how they address social challenges.
Research
31 December 2020

HEC Paris Society and Organizations Institute

Academic Institutions
HEC Paris Society and Organizations Institute is an interdisciplinary body that undertakes research, teaching and implementation of ideas to help business meet challenges primarily posed by social inequality and climatic constraints. It seeks to reinvent business through promoting sustainability and unleashing human potential.
Organisation
1 research item

Can government policies that drive strong economic outcomes for the private sector alleviate poverty?

United Nations Global Compact
The report examines how the adoption of policies that drive strong economic outcomes for the private sector often reduce poverty in the developing world, primarily through opportunities for job creation. In particular, the report calls for policies that promote greater access to credit and the protection of minority investors.
Research
11 October 2019

Strengthening financial resilience among rural and refugee communities in Rwanda

United Nations Capital Development Fund
United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) has improved financial inclusion, through implementing its Expanding Financial Access and Digital and Financial Literacy (REFAD) program in Rwanda, and by working with local partners to help cater digital financial solutions and improve financial literacy for rural and refugee communities.
Research
31 December 2020

United Nations Capital Development Fund

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) offer finance models for households and small enterprises in least developed countries (LDCs). The financing models work through two core channels which are financial inclusion and localised investments.
Organisation
1 research item

Indigenous Business Australia

Government Organisations & Departments
Indigenous Business Australia is one of the longest-standing Indigenous-specific commercial organisations in Australia. The organisation serves, partners, and invests with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities through economic development opportunities.
Organisation
1 research item

Digital financial services

The World Bank
Discusses the potential of digital financial services (DFS) to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. Analyses DFS role in financial inclusion within households and emerging markets and developing economies. Examines constraints of regulations and frameworks and provides case studies from countries that have enabled DFS in their economy.
Research
30 April 2020
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