Library | ESG issues

Technology & Online Harm

Technology & online harm refers to the risks and challenges linked to existing and emerging digital technologies such as AI, blockchain, and cryptocurrencies. While these innovations can enhance efficiency and productivity, they also introduce risks like fraud, misinformation, regulatory uncertainty, and ethical dilemmas, requiring careful oversight and responsible adoption.

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Investors' expectations on responsible artificial intelligence and data governance

Federated Hermes
This report outlines responsible AI and data governance principles and engagement framework for investors across multiple sectors. The six core principles aim to enhance machine learning, auditability, explainability, and transparency, while taking into account legal, regulatory, ethical, and reputational risks.
Research
25 April 2019

Human rights risks in tech: Engaging and assessing human rights risks arising from technology company business models

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
This tool outlines strategies for investors to assess technology companies’ responsibility to respect human rights. It includes questions addressing engagement on specific business model features that may create human rights risks and an evaluation framework to assess company responses.
Research
30 March 2023

Generative artificial intelligence in finance: Risk considerations

International Monetary Fund
Generative AI is a subset of AI/ML that creates new content. It offers enhancements to efficiency and customer experience, as well as advantages to risk management and compliance reporting. However, the deployment of GenAI in the financial sector requires the industry to recognise and mitigate the technology's risks comprehensively; financial institutions must strengthen their cybersecurity and regulatory oversight capacities.
Research
22 August 2023

Engaging the ICT sector on human rights: Privacy and data protection

Investor Alliance for Human Rights
This report provides sector-wide risk assessment on privacy and data protection in the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) industry. It includes international standards and salient issues to consider when engaging with ICT companies, the "business case" for privacy and data protection, and investor guidance for engaging ICT companies.
Research
6 March 2020

Engaging the ICT sector on human rights: Political participation

Investor Alliance for Human Rights
This ICT sector-wide risk assessment examines potential impacts on the salient human rights issue of political participation. It presents international standards, discusses the use of ICT in politics, and offers human rights guidance for businesses to follow. Additionally, the report highlights risks and offers stakeholder-engagement suggestions and investor efforts to mitigate negative impacts.
Research
1 April 2020

Engaging the ICT sector on human rights: Freedom of opinion and expression

Investor Alliance for Human Rights
This report assesses freedom of opinion (FOE) and expression risks in the ICT sector. It identifies negative impacts and provides guidance for companies and investors on how to respect and promote FOE.
Research
6 March 2020

Engaging the ICT sector on human rights: Discrimination

Investor Alliance for Human Rights
This report examines the risks of discrimination in the Information and Communication Technologies sector and its impact on human rights. It provides company guidance on eliminating discrimination and promoting inclusion, as well as investor guidelines for holding companies accountable.
Research
6 March 2020

Engaging the ICT sector on human rights: Conflict and security

Investor Alliance for Human Rights
This report provides an overview of the main human rights instruments and adverse impacts of the ICT sector in conflict-affected areas, emphasising its role in promoting security and other human rights while highlighting the potential risks of new technologies in this context. It also includes investor guidance to help evaluate if companies are meeting their human rights responsibilities.
Research
6 March 2020

Digital safety risk assessment in action: A framework and bank of case studies

World Economic Forum
This report contains a framework and case studies for digital safety risk assessment. The case studies cover topics such as trust and safety best practices, human rights due diligence, and child safety in gaming and immersive worlds.
Research
23 May 2023

Artificial intelligence: The public policy opportunity

Intel
The artificial intelligence (AI) opportunity is here, and it's transforming industry and society. Governments must create public policy environments that encourage AI innovation, while mitigating negative consequences. This report by Intel outlines several key recommendations necessary to realise the potential of AI and to prepare for this transformative technology.
Research
18 October 2017

AI policy principles

Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)
This report outlines the responsibility of industry and governments in promoting responsible development and use of artificial intelligence. The policy principles focus on the integration of principles into the design of AI technologies, investment in AI research and development, and collaboration through public-private partnerships.
Research
25 October 2017

AI act: Laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending certain union legislative acts

European Commission
The EU Commission has published a regulation that establishes harmonized rules on artificial intelligence (AI) while amending certain union laws. Stakeholders mostly agree on the need for action in the field of AI, but warn the Commission to avoid duplication and overregulation. The regulation will require an appropriate level of human and financial resources.
Research
22 April 2021

IBM Institute for Business Value

Commercial Research Providers
Explore valuable insights at the IBM Institute for Business Value. Uncover industry-leading research, reports, and perspectives on key business challenges. Navigate through thought-provoking analyses on topics like digital transformation, innovation, and emerging technologies. Elevate your business strategy with data-driven expertise from IBM, a global leader in technology and consulting.
Organisation
2 research items

The Engine Room

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
The Engine Room is a non-profit organisation driving social change through data and technology. Their expertise lies in supporting civil society groups, human rights defenders, and advocates in using technology responsibly and effectively. They provide strategic support, research, and tools to help organisations leverage data and technology for positive impact.
Organisation
1 research item

Office of Communications (Ofcom)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
Ofcom is the UK's communications regulator, ensuring a fair and secure digital communications landscape. It oversees telecommunications, broadcasting, and postal services. Visit for regulatory information, consumer advice, and industry data on telecommunications and broadcasting in the United Kingdom.
Organisation
1 research item

Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI)

Academic Institutions
The Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (JSAI) is a leading organisation in AI research and development. Explore JSAI's initiatives, events, and publications, providing valuable insights into the dynamic field of artificial intelligence. Discover the latest advancements and contributions to AI technology through the society's official website.
Organisation
1 research item
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