Library | ESG issues

Pollution

Pollution is the contamination of the environment by chemical, physical, or biological agents that alter its natural characteristics. Long-term pollution exposure can cause severe health and environmental impacts. Sustainability efforts focus on reducing pollution by minimising waste, promoting recycling, and converting waste into useful materials. Investors can engage with companies to encourage pollution reduction initiatives, adoption of cleaner technologies, and transparent reporting on environmental impacts.

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InforMEA

United Nations Environment Programme
InforMEA is a UN information portal giving central access to multilateral environmental agreements, including treaty texts, COP decisions, national reports, laws and court rulings. It also hosts a glossary, e-learning courses and tools linking MEAs to global goals.
Online tool/database

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a global treaty regulating international trade in wildlife to ensure species survival in the wild. It enforces permit systems, categorises species under appendices, and supports cooperation among 185 Parties in biodiversity conservation.
Organisation
1 research item

The European Space Agency (ESA)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
European Space Agency (ESA) is Europe’s intergovernmental organisation dedicated to space exploration, Earth observation, satellite navigation, and technological innovation. ESA collaborates with international partners, coordinates high-profile missions, and supports science, space safety and industry growth across member states.
Organisation
1 research item

African chemical observatory

United Nations Environment Programme
MapX is an open-source, cloud-based geospatial platform for visualising, analysing and managing environmental data. Developed by UNEP/GRID-Geneva, it supports decision-making in biodiversity, climate, land use and disaster risk, through map views, dashboards and storytelling tools.
Online tool/database

Interactive country fiches

United Nations Environment Programme
The Interactive Country Fiches tool offers interactive, updatable environmental profiles for countries, covering eight environmental pillars. It centralises national policies, performance indicators and over 100 up-to-date datasets into a single access point.
Online tool/database

Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK)

Government Organisations & Departments
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) is a German government body responsible for economic policy, industrial strategy, energy transition, digitalisation, and climate action. It develops regulations, promotes innovation, supports businesses, and coordinates international cooperation to strengthen Germany’s economic growth while advancing sustainability and climate neutrality goals.
Organisation

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is a US-based nonpartisan economic research organisation producing working papers, conferences, datasets and publications on macroeconomics, labour markets, health economics and public policy. It supports scholars and policymakers with in-depth empirical research.
Organisation
1 research item

Sustainable investing in practice: Objectives, beliefs, and limits to impact

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
This paper surveys 509 equity portfolio managers on their treatment of environmental and social factors. Findings show most prioritise financial returns, with limited willingness to sacrifice performance. ES constraints from mandates, policies, and client values strongly influence decisions. Beliefs and constraints outweigh fund labels in shaping sustainable investing practices.
Research
12 August 2025

Tobacco tactics

Tobacco Control Research Group (TCRG)
Tobacco Tactics is a knowledge-exchange platform from the University of Bath’s Tobacco Control Research Group. It compiles rigorous academic research and monitoring on the global tobacco industry—its products, influences, themes and companies—in an accessible format.
Online tool/database

Tobacco Control Research Group (TCRG)

Academic Institutions
Tobacco Control Research Group (TCRG) at the University of Bath conducts international, multidisciplinary research into the tobacco industry’s influence on health and policy. TCRG generates evidence to support effective tobacco control, informs public health policy, and provides training on industry monitoring and accountability to advance global health outcomes.
Organisation
1 research item

One hundred and thirty years of corporate responsibility

This report develops a 130-year index (ESIX) measuring public attention to environmental and social issues in business using historical news data. Findings show that such attention rises during instability (social) or prosperity (environmental), depresses short-term investment efficiency, but improves investment outcomes over longer horizons.
Research
24 July 2024

ESG and responsible institutional investing around the world: A critical review

CFA Institute
This report reviews global ESG and responsible investing practices, focusing on definitions, regulation, climate finance, and institutional investor roles. It evaluates evidence from academic research and PRI data, highlighting investor influence, governance, and engagement strategies, while noting challenges around ratings, greenwashing, and measuring real outcomes.
Research
20 May 2020

DBS Bank

Commercial Research Providers
DBS Bank India is a digital-led universal bank offering personal, SME, corporate and wealth management services. Features include resident and non-resident (NRI) savings and fixed deposit accounts, remittance, loans, digital payments and credit/debit card solutions. Positions as Asia’s safest bank with a wide India branch network.
Organisation
1 research item

Kroll

Commercial Research Providers
Kroll is a global financial and risk advisory firm offering services in valuation, investigations, cyber-resilience, regulatory compliance, transaction advisory, restructuring and business services.
With around 6,500 experts across 32 countries, Kroll helps clients build, protect and maximise enterprise value through data, technology and intelligence.
Organisation
1 research item

Water footprint assessment tool

Water footprint network
The Water Footprint Assessment Tool is a free online application that enables businesses, governments, investors, NGOs and researchers to calculate and map green, blue and grey water footprints, assess sustainability, efficiency and equitable water use, and identify strategic actions to improve water management.
Online tool/database

Water footprint implementation

Commercial Research Providers
Water Footprint Implementation supports companies and governments with water accounting, sustainability assessment and water-footprint compensation. A spin-off of Water Footprint Network research, it delivers actionable insights for ESG reporting, water stewardship, water-footprint benchmarking and tailored reduction strategies to enhance resilience, reduce risk and foster sustainable water management.
Organisation
1 research item
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