Library | ESG issues

Public Policy

Public policy refers to the actions and decisions taken by governments to address societal issues through laws, regulations, and funding priorities. It shapes the business environment by influencing regulatory requirements, market conditions, and corporate responsibilities. Policies related to taxation, labour laws, environmental regulations, and trade agreements can impact business operations, costs, and investment strategies.

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Historical redlining and cumulative environmental impacts across the United States

This study analyses 202 US cities, linking historic redlining to higher present-day cumulative environmental burdens. Using EJScreen data and modelling, it finds redlined neighbourhoods face significantly greater combined pollution exposures, particularly from traffic, hazardous waste and wastewater sites, with strongest disparities in western regions.
Research
30 December 2025

Growing resilience: Unlocking the potential of nature-based solutions for climate resilience in sub-Saharan Africa

World Resources Institute
The report assesses nature-based solutions for climate resilience in sub-Saharan Africa, reviewing nearly 300 projects. It finds growing adoption but insufficient scale, highlighting financing, policy, and capacity gaps, and recommends integrating NBS into infrastructure planning, diversifying funding, and strengthening social inclusion and local capability.
Research
13 March 2025

Climate inequality & just transition: An introduction for actuaries

Institute and Faculty of Actuaries (IFoA)
This report explains climate inequality and climate justice, outlines risks from unjust climate transitions, and frames just transition principles. It highlights how climate impacts amplify inequality and sets out roles for actuaries in risk assessment, fairness, and supporting equitable climate-resilient development.
Research
3 October 2024

Distinguishing among climate change-related risks

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
The report distinguishes planetary, economic and financial climate risks, clarifying their differing scopes, timeframes and responsible actors. It argues that conflating these risks weakens policy and investment responses, and calls for clearer delineation to improve risk assessment, accountability and targeted climate action.
Research
1 January 2025

Impacts of climate change on global agriculture accounting for adaptation

This study estimates global climate change impacts on six staple crops using subnational data and observed adaptation. Yields fall by about 4.4% of recommended calories per 1 °C warming. Adaptation and income growth offset losses partially, but substantial global and regional yield declines remain.
Research
18 June 2025

Information integrity about climate science: A systematic review

International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE)
Systematic review of 300 studies (2015-2025) finds coordinated misinformation and greenwashing by corporate, political, and media actors undermine climate science, eroding trust and delaying policy. Research is Global North–centric. Evidence supports regulation, litigation, coalitions, and education to strengthen information integrity.
Research
19 June 2025

Green industrial policy’s unfinished business: A publicly managed fossil fuel wind-down

Roosevelt Institute
The report argues that green industrial policy must actively manage a fossil fuel wind-down. It contends that renewables expansion alone is insufficient, calling for public planning, regulation, and ownership to ensure equitable decarbonisation and prevent fossil fuel liabilities shifting to the public.
Research
17 July 2024

Green finance was supposed to contribute solutions to climate change. So far, it’s fallen well short

The article argues that while climate disclosure and green finance initiatives have expanded since Mark Carney’s “tragedy of the horizon” speech, they have failed to shift capital at the scale required to address climate and nature risks. It contends that deeper structural reforms to financial valuation, incentives and capital allocation are needed to move beyond managing symptoms toward financing real-world solutions.
Article
5 January 2026

Next to fall: The climate-driven insurance crisis is here and getting worse

United States Senate Budget Committee
The report analyses U.S. homeowners’ insurance non-renewals, showing strong links between climate risks, rising premiums, and declining coverage. It finds coastal and wildfire-exposed regions face pronounced instability, with risks spreading inland. The Committee warns that worsening insurability could erode property values and trigger broader financial impacts.
Research
18 December 2024

Maximising Australia’s green growth: Leveraging trade and aid policy to drive Australia’s green exports agenda

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)
The report assesses risks to Australia’s fossil fuel exports and outlines how aligned trade, aid and climate finance policies can build demand for green exports. It proposes sustainable growth partnerships in the Indo-Pacific to secure markets, attract investment and support regional decarbonisation.
Research
5 January 2025

Creating a sustainable food future

World Resources Institute
The report assesses how to feed nearly 10 billion people by 2050 while limiting land expansion and emissions. It identifies food, land and greenhouse gas gaps, and proposes 22 solutions spanning demand reduction, productivity gains, ecosystem protection, fisheries growth and agricultural emissions mitigation.
Research
13 April 2019

ITI’s sustainable technology policy guide: Understanding AI’s role in the energy transition

Information Technology Industry Council (ITI)
The report outlines how AI increases energy demand yet supports sustainability through efficiency gains, improved forecasting, and advanced grid management. It recommends grid modernisation, expanded low-carbon power, enhanced data-centre resource efficiency, and lifecycle carbon management to enable reliable, sustainable deployment of next-generation technologies.
Research
21 September 2024

A policy advocacy and collective action toolkit for business: Strategies and resources for impact businesses B corps B locals and B networks

B Lab U.S. & Canada
This toolkit outlines how B Corps and impact businesses can engage in responsible policy advocacy and collective action. It provides guidance, standards, case studies and practical resources to support stakeholder-focused, climate-just and equitable economic systems through transparent lobbying and collaboration.
Research
16 May 2025

Sustainable Finance Roundup December 2025: Nature, Regulation, and the Hardening of Risk

This month’s sustainable finance roundup traces the shift from ambition to enforcement, as climate and nature risks become financial, regulatory and legal realities. It covers Australia’s environmental law reforms, the embedding of climate and nature risk through prudential supervision, disclosure and shareholder pressure, and insurer warnings on the limits of insurability. It also highlights how markets are responding to deforestation and biodiversity risk, and how litigation and regulation are reshaping governance and long-term financial resilience.
Article
29 December 2025

Climate finance for low carbon transport: Developing effective transport financing mechanisms for Asia and the Pacific

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
This ESCAP policy brief examines climate finance options for scaling low-carbon transport in Asia–Pacific. It assesses funding gaps, barriers, and mechanisms—including subsidies, carbon pricing, green bonds, PPPs, and international finance—and recommends policy alignment, capacity building, investor matching, and diversified financing to accelerate investment.
Research
12 March 2024

Theorising unconventional climate advocates and their relationship to the environmental movement

This study theorises “unconventional climate advocates” and analyses their position within Australia’s environmental movement using social network analysis. It finds these advocates are peripheral yet potentially effective in engaging climate-hesitant constituencies by operating independently from conventional environmentalists.
Research
6 February 2025
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