Library | ESG issues
Risk Management
Risk management is the process by which organisations identify, assess, prioritise and respond to threats to their objectives. In sustainable finance it extends conventional financial risk to cover environmental, social and governance exposures, including physical and transition climate risk, nature dependencies, human rights liability and conduct risk. Many of these are long dated, systemic and poorly captured by traditional models. Sound practice connects risk identification to governance, disclosure and capital allocation rather than treating it as a reporting exercise.
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From planetary hazard to financial stability: Disentangling climate risk and institutional responsibility
This report identifies the misalignment between institutional mandates and climate risk expectations. It distinguishes between planetary, economic and financial risks, outlining six distinct responses. The authors argue that current frameworks distract from real-economy decarbonisation and shift climate costs onto public balance sheets, requiring clearer policy distinctions and instruments.
Sovereign risk ceilings: Rethinking methodology through risk disaggregation
This report critiques sovereign ceiling practices in credit ratings for emerging market infrastructure. It proposes a disaggregated framework to assess eight specific transmission channels and mitigants, arguing that empirical data shows high survival rates for well-structured projects during sovereign crises, contrary to current blanket rating caps.
Ready-to-Fund Resilience Toolkit
A framework and diagnostic tool developed by the American Society of Adaptation Professionals to help climate projects move from planning to investment-ready status. It provides criteria for assessing project maturity, equity, and financial feasibility.
CLIMATEFIT
CLIMATEFIT is an EU-funded initiative that provides public authorities and investors with tools, databases, and methodologies to develop bankable climate adaptation projects and bridge the resilience finance gap.
Sustainability-Linked Bond (SLB) Pricer
Developed by the Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute, the SLB Pricer helps investors value the embedded options and step-up features of Sustainability-Linked Bonds. It provides a quantitative framework to ensure bond structures remain robust and ambitious.
Workforce heat resilience: An actionable framework to close the execution gap
This report provides a framework for businesses to address workforce heat risks. It details a seven-step roadmap to assess climate impacts, design tailored interventions, and scale resilience. With heat-driven productivity losses projected to reach $2.4 trillion by 2030, the document highlights the strategic necessity of protecting workers.
The age of interconnected risks: How interdependencies are shaping the next generation of systemic crises
This report examines rising systemic vulnerabilities driven by interconnected financial, digital, natural, and socio-economic risks. It highlights the gap between market pricing and actual risk, noting how AI, climate change, and geopolitical fragmentation amplify potential crises. It proposes collaborative monitoring and expanded risk-transfer capacity to strengthen global resilience.
Connecting nature, climate, and capital: From data to decisions: Natural capital accounting in practice
This research explores Natural Capital Accounting in New Zealand, focusing on the SEEA EA framework. It provides practical steps for businesses to quantify nature-related risks and dependencies. Through case studies, it demonstrates how environmental data informs investment, lending, and strategic management to enhance organisational resilience and long-term value.
Asking better questions on nature: For chief financial officers
This guide helps Chief Financial Officers integrate nature-related issues into financial decision-making. It outlines how to identify dependencies, assess risks and opportunities, and respond to evolving disclosure expectations. The report emphasises nature as a core driver of performance, resilience and long-term value creation within the TNFD framework.
GRESB Guides
GRESB Guides is a comprehensive documentation hub providing methodology, reference manuals, and scoring documents for GRESB’s global ESG benchmarks in real estate and infrastructure. It helps finance professionals navigate reporting requirements and interpret sustainability performance data.
Hidden in plain sight: Unlocking actionable insights in client data
CGAP introduces Precision Causal Modelling to help financial providers identify which product configurations work for specific client segments. Piloted across five institutions, the methodology revealed delivery gaps of 32 to 84 percentage points. Key findings highlight the importance of right-sizing loans and monitoring delinquency trajectories to improve client outcomes.
Reframing financial markets as complex systems: Tools for systemic risk analysis, portfolio management, and system-level investing
This report explores financial markets as complex adaptive systems, advocating for modelling techniques like agent-based models and network theory. It highlights how these tools improve systemic risk analysis and portfolio management by capturing non-linear behaviours, herding, and interconnectedness, providing a framework for more resilient and adaptive global financial systems.
Expanding the investible market for adaptation: The value and path for institutional investors
This report examines the business case for institutional investors to prioritise climate adaptation. It identifies a multi-billion dollar annual financing gap and outlines how resilience expertise enhances investment performance. A framework of recommendations is provided to help investors navigate asset, network, and economy-level resilience within the Australian context.
Just adaptation: An introduction for institutional investors
This report introduces institutional investors to 'just adaptation', highlighting the financial materiality of fair and equitable climate resilience. It outlines how incorporating social equity into adaptation strategies protects long-term returns, maintains social licence, and identifies priority actions for investors to support vulnerable communities while managing systemic climate risks.
Innovations in sustainability systems to support corporate due diligence
A resource hub from ISEAL Alliance providing case studies on how sustainability systems support corporate due diligence. It explores innovations like gamified worker training and digital risk assessments to improve supply chain transparency and human rights monitoring.
Extreme Weather Toolkit: Extreme Heat
A resource hub from Climate Central providing data, analysis, and visualisations on the trends and local impacts of extreme heat, including the Climate Shift Index and urban heat island studies.
