Climate Central’s database tracks the most costly U.S. weather and climate disasters since 1980, providing data on events causing $1 billion in damage.

This report presents a comprehensive framework and toolkit to help governments and stakeholders manage extreme heat risk. It provides actionable guidance, a maturity assessment tool, and strategies to operationalise governance and develop effective heat action plans across multiple sectors and timescales.

This research provides household-level estimates of flood risk exposure across socioeconomic groups in the US. It reveals that high-income households own a disproportionate share of floodplain property wealth, whilst a vulnerable subset of low-income, uninsured homeowners faces severe financial risks from flood damage and rising insurance premiums.

This report proposes a rigorous framework for third-party auditing of frontier AI systems to verify safety and security claims. Addressing the opacity of current self-assessments, it advocates for structured AI Assurance Levels, deep access to non-public information, and continuous monitoring to enable confident deployment and standardisation across the industry.

This report explores how alternative data and artificial intelligence are redefining credit scoring to enhance financial inclusion for women and underserved borrowers. It analyses market trends, evaluates the risks of algorithmic bias, and provides actionable recommendations to scale responsible, inclusive credit access across emerging markets.

This report explores how the insurance industry assesses physical climate risks for new social infrastructure projects. It identifies five key enablers to integrate climate resilience across project lifecycles, advocating for early stakeholder engagement and forward-looking risk assessments to ensure long-term asset insurability, bankability, and value in a changing climate.

This learning note explores how an ecosystem approach to infrastructure financing can mobilise capital in low- and middle-income countries. It highlights the importance of early finance engagement, de-risking mechanisms, and integrated partnerships to transform technically sound projects into commercially viable investments.

This report explores the evolving role of investors in addressing climate change. Drawing on insights from major asset managers, it advocates shifting from market-led targets to a policy-led approach. Investors are advised to focus on realistic stewardship, pragmatic objective-setting, and policy advocacy to effectively manage climate-related financial risks.

Climate Financial Risk Forum (CFRF) is a UK financial services industry initiative, jointly established by Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) in 2019. CFRF brings senior leaders together to develop practical climate-related financial risk management guidance, tools and case studies for banks, insurers and asset managers.

KPMG Australia (KPMG) is a professional services firm delivering audit, tax and advisory solutions across sectors including government, mid-market, and private business in Australia. With over 10,000 people and more than 600 partners, KPMG combines integrity-led service with digital-driven expertise in strategy, consulting and risk management.

DBS Bank India is a digital-led universal bank offering personal, SME, corporate and wealth management services. Features include resident and non-resident (NRI) savings and fixed deposit accounts, remittance, loans, digital payments and credit/debit card solutions. Positions as Asia’s safest bank with a wide India branch network.

GIC (Government of Singapore Investment Corporation) is a global long-term sovereign investor managing Singapore’s foreign reserves. Established in 1981, it delivers disciplined, diversified portfolio management across equities, fixed income, real estate and infrastructure. Committed to preserving and enhancing long-term purchasing power, GIC emphasises risk management and sustainable investing.

Howden Insurance Brokers Australia is a global insurance intermediary offering tailored insurance and risk management solutions for businesses and individuals. With offices across Australia and access to international markets, Howden provides services in corporate risks, people risk, private clients, and alternative risk solutions. Their employee-owned model fosters a client-focused approach, delivering personalised service backed by global expertise.

Drova’s ESG Stakeholder Materiality Assessment is a digital tool designed to identify and prioritise environmental, social, and governance issues relevant to an organisation and its stakeholders. Aligned with frameworks such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), it facilitates stakeholder engagement and produces a materiality matrix to inform sustainability strategy. The platform streamlines the assessment process, reducing time and cost compared to traditional methods.

The UNEP FI Human Rights Screening and Risk Assessment tool provides financial institutions with a structured framework to identify and evaluate human rights risks at both portfolio and transaction levels. It aligns with the UN Guiding Principles and OECD guidance, promoting integration of human rights considerations into investment and lending operations.

The Accountability Framework guides financial institutions on how to establish policies for responsible lending and investment in the food, agribusiness, and forestry sectors. It also helps financial institutions to screen and engage their clients and portfolios to fulfil these policies. It also assists with assessing environmental and social risk and performance in investment portfolios, and supports company engagement.