Library | ESG issues
Social
The social pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses a organisation’s impact on people and society. It covers labour practices, diversity and inclusion, human rights and community engagement. Prioritising social responsibility not only benefits society but also mitigates risks, strengthens reputation, and creates long-term value for businesses and investors.
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Global gender gap report series
The Global Gender Gap Report is an annual series by the World Economic Forum tracking gender parity across 145 economies. It evaluates economic, educational, health, and political gaps to help finance professionals assess human capital risk, ESG factors, and long-term economic resilience.
El Niño Heat Mortality Tracker
The El Niño Heat Mortality Tracker projects heat-related deaths at a state and provincial level. Developed by the Climate Impact Lab, it helps users visualise the human toll of extreme temperature events to inform risk assessment and public health strategies.
Gender-disaggregated data for inclusive regulation playbook: From gender data to regulatory action
This playbook assists financial regulatory authorities to transition from collecting gender-disaggregated data to using it systematically in supervision and policymaking. Drawing on research in Nigeria and Tanzania, it outlines a three-phase approach—discovery, ideation, and prototype advancement—supported by a framework of eleven foundations to ensure effective, inclusive regulation.
SIPRI Arms Transfers Database
The SIPRI Arms Transfers Database tracks international transfers of major conventional weapons from 1950 to the present. It helps finance professionals assess geopolitical risk and monitor the global defence market through consistent data on arms flows and procurement.
Food, land, and money: The case for ending the Agribusiness Financial Complex and funding the Peoples’ Food Web
This report examines the 'Agribusiness Financial Complex', where global finance and industrial agribusiness prioritise shareholder profit over food security. It analyses the top 100 agrifood companies, highlights the environmental and social harms of financialisation, and advocates for a transition to a decentralised 'Peoples' Food Web' through agroecology.
IGF country profiles collection
The Country Profile Factsheets series, published by the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF), provides country-level analysis of mining sectors, mineral resources, critical minerals policies, investment conditions, governance and sustainability considerations. It supports comparative research into responsible mining, mineral supply chains and sector-related risks.
Can the emergence of AgFinTech revolutionize agrifinance? Lessons from five case studies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America
This report examines how digital innovations address barriers to inclusive agricultural credit in developing countries. Through five case studies, it highlights the role of agri-data stacks and AI-powered analytics in reducing information asymmetries, improving risk management, and lowering service delivery costs for smallholder farmers and agri-MSMEs.
Making places better, together: The civic impact of Community Municipal Investments
This report examines Community Municipal Investments (CMIs), a mechanism for UK councils to raise capital from residents. Evidence from 19 councils and 309 investors demonstrates that CMIs create civic value, increase public trust, and offer financial savings of 29 basis points on average against the Public Works Loan Board.
From chemical risk to competitive advantage: What BPA, PFAS, phthalates, and microplastics teach sustainability leaders about anticipating the next chemical of concern
This report examines the transition of BPA, PFAS, phthalates, and microplastics from beneficial chemicals to substances of concern. It identifies recurring risk signals, such as biological activity and persistence, providing a framework for sustainability leaders to anticipate future regulatory shifts and lead through proactive, safer material innovation.
Pure dynamite: How Bolsonaro’s government (2019-2022) mineral policy set up a climate and anti-indigenous bomb
This report analyses Brazil's mineral policy under the Bolsonaro administration from 2019 to 2022. It details how deregulation, lobbying, and legislative changes facilitated industrial and illegal mining, leading to environmental degradation and human rights violations. It provides a timeline of events and suggests measures for policy reform.
Cooler laws, safer workers: Evaluating California’s heat standard and injury reduction
This research evaluates California’s 2005 heat illness standard, finding it substantially reduced work-related injuries in high-risk sectors like construction, agriculture, and transportation. Reductions of 15% to 27% were documented, with the most significant impacts occurring during extreme heat and amongst younger workers.
State transformation for Plan México: A mission-oriented approach to delivering shared prosperity
Plan México outlines a mission-oriented strategy to achieve shared prosperity through state transformation. Addressing structural constraints like low investment and production polarisation, the report recommends aligning macroeconomic policy, coordinating development finance, and leveraging strategic procurement. It emphasises building public-sector capabilities and fostering community participation to drive sustainable, inclusive growth.
TRF Insights: Rising pressure, rising needs: A TrustLaw rapid member survey
This report examines the evolving legal needs of civil society organisations globally. Based on a rapid survey of TrustLaw members, it assesses the impact of funding cuts and restrictive regulations on non-profits and social enterprises, highlighting the growing demand for pro bono legal support.
Gender gaps: International evidence on the role of family policy
This research analyses the impact of family-friendly policies on gender gaps across 27 countries from 1986 to 2019. It finds that childcare spending and parental leave significantly reduce employment and earnings gaps. Slower policy expansion in the United States accounts for its lagging progress in reducing gender inequality.
The relationship between carbon emissions and wages: Evidence from Japanese manufacturing installations
This research examines the relationship between CO₂ emissions and wages in Japanese manufacturing installations from 2006 to 2019. It identifies a positive association when productivity is constant, driven by rent sharing and working conditions. The study highlights significant distributional implications for the transition to a low-carbon economy.
Poverty and Inequality Platform
The Poverty and Inequality Platform is a World Bank tool providing interactive global data on poverty rates and income distribution. It offers harmonised datasets and inequality metrics essential for ESG analysis and emerging market risk assessment.