Library | ESG issues

Social

The social pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses a organisation’s impact on people and society. It covers labour practices, diversity and inclusion, human rights and community engagement. Prioritising social responsibility not only benefits society but also mitigates risks, strengthens reputation, and creates long-term value for businesses and investors.

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State of global water resources series

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
The State of Global Water Resources is an annual benchmark series produced by the World Meteorological Organization. It provides a consistent, global overview of freshwater conditions across key components of the hydrological cycle, supporting comparative assessment and decision-making across regions and time.
Benchmark/series
18 September 2025

Crushed series

Safe in India (SII)
CRUSHED is a longitudinal research series by the Safe in India Foundation assessing worker safety in India’s automotive manufacturing and supplier ecosystem. Drawing on annual field evidence across multiple years, the series tracks workplace conditions, governance practices, and enforcement gaps to support consistent analysis over time.
Benchmark/series
12 July 2025

International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICANW)

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) is a global civil society coalition working to eliminate nuclear weapons. ICAN leads advocacy for the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, produces policy research, and supports disarmament campaigns worldwide, engaging governments, UN institutions, partners across regions, and multilateral policy forums.
Organisation

Carbon Market Watch

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Carbon Market Watch is an independent climate policy NGO focused on carbon markets, offsets and climate finance integrity. It monitors EU and global climate policies, produces research and policy analysis, and advocates for robust carbon market rules that protect environmental integrity, human rights and ambition across voluntary and compliance systems.
Organisation
1 research item

UNSW Centre for Social Impact

Academic Institutions
UNSW Centre for Social Impact (UNSW CSI) is a research and education centre focused on social impact, impact measurement, social investment and purpose-driven leadership. Based at UNSW Business School, it works with government, business, philanthropy and civil society to support evidence-based social and environmental outcomes.
Organisation
1 research item

Safe in India (SII)

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Safe in India is a non-profit organisation advancing occupational health and safety in Indian manufacturing. It conducts factory-based research, worker training, and policy advocacy to prevent workplace injuries, strengthen labour rights, and improve supply chain safety. Focus areas include machine safety, data-driven interventions, and collaboration with industry, unions, and policymakers.
Organisation
1 research item

MIT Center for Transportation & Logistics

Academic Institutions
MIT Center for Transportation & Logistics (MIT CTL) is a research centre advancing supply chain management, logistics and transportation systems.Based at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, it produces applied research, executive education and industry partnerships focused on resilience, sustainability, digital innovation and global supply chain performance across sectors worldwide today.
Organisation
1 research item

European Centre for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights is an independent human rights organisation using strategic litigation and legal advocacy to advance accountability worldwide. ECCHR works on business and human rights, international crimes, migration, and democratic freedoms, producing casework, research, and public interventions for courts, policymakers, and civil society globally.
Organisation

The state of the climate series

This benchmark series provides concise annual assessments of the global climate, using consistent scientific indicators to monitor environmental conditions, human pressures, and system responses. It is designed to support structured analysis and comparison over time for researchers, policymakers, and finance and sustainability professionals.
Benchmark/series
8 October 2024

Peoples' climate vote series

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
The Peoples’ Climate Vote is a global survey series capturing public perspectives on climate change, policy priorities and collective action. Led by international institutions, it provides a consistent framework to understand how people experience climate impacts and how they expect governments, businesses and global actors to respond.
Benchmark/series
13 August 2024

Banking on climate chaos series

Banking on Climate Chaos Coalition (BOCC)
The Banking on Climate Chaos is a multi-year research series assessing how major global banks finance fossil fuel activities. It provides a consistent framework to review lending and underwriting linked to fossil fuels and expansion, supporting year-on-year comparison and broader analysis of banking practices.
Benchmark/series
26 June 2025

Endowment impact benchmark series

Intentional Endowments Network
The Endowment Impact Benchmark is a benchmark series that provides a structured assessment and benchmarking framework for endowments and foundations. It evaluates policies, governance, management and transparency related to sustainable and impact investing, enabling consistent comparison and ongoing progress tracking across participating institutions.
Benchmark/series
21 February 2025

Net zero atlas series

FTSE Russell
The COP Net Zero Atlas is an annual research series examining transition and physical climate risks across major economies. It provides a structured framework to assess national climate commitments, policy pathways and exposure to climate hazards, supporting comparative analysis for investors and policymakers.
Benchmark/series
1 November 2024

State of the global climate series

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
The State of the Global Climate is an annual benchmark series produced by the World Meteorological Organization that synthesises authoritative observations across the climate system, including the atmosphere, oceans and cryosphere, to provide a consistent, comparable evidence base for global climate monitoring, policy analysis and long-term assessment.
Benchmark/series
16 December 2025

Measuring companies’ environmental and social impacts: An analysis of ESG ratings and SDG scores

This study compares ESG ratings with SDG scores across major providers. It finds little correlation. SDG scores align with investor exclusions and EU Taxonomy assessments, while ESG ratings largely measure financial risk exposure, not real-world environmental or social impacts.
Research
4 April 2025

Climate fiduciaries: part II – the duty of even-handedness

This article explores the fiduciary duty of even-handedness and its implications for climate-aware pension fund investing, focusing on emerging legal challenges in Australia and Canada. It argues that unmanaged climate risk may breach trustees’ obligations to act equitably across generations, particularly where younger members bear disproportionate long-term harm.
Article
28 January 2026
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