Library | ESG issues

Social

The social pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses a organisation’s impact on people and society. It covers labour practices, diversity and inclusion, human rights and community engagement. Prioritising social responsibility not only benefits society but also mitigates risks, strengthens reputation, and creates long-term value for businesses and investors.

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Urban heat risk management: Resource package

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDDR)
This resource package provides practical guidance for local and national governments on managing urban heat risks through governance, planning, nature-based solutions and emergency preparedness. Drawing on global evidence and city case studies, it outlines strategies to strengthen urban resilience to increasing extreme heat.
Resource hub
14 April 2025

Unlocking climate risk insurance: The role of public development banks

Climate Policy Initiative
This report examines how public development banks (PDBs) can expand climate risk insurance in emerging markets and developing economies. It identifies five key barriers to insurance uptake, analyses distinct roles for national, regional, and multilateral development banks, and provides recommendations to scale insurance solutions that build climate resilience.
Research
7 May 2026

Posters & Resources - Reconciliation Australia

The Posters & Resources portal by Reconciliation Australia offers downloadable assets to support National Reconciliation Week 2026.
Resource hub

Anti-harassment policy and the startup labor market

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This paper studies the effects of state-level NDA-weakening laws on hiring in over 50,000 U.S. VC-backed startups from 2014–2022. Anti-harassment reforms reduce female hiring by approximately 8%, concentrated among junior women and small startups, while also triggering internal restructuring including more female promotions and male manager departures.
Research
4 May 2026

The TISFD framework: Recommendations for disclosure of people-related information by businesses and financial institutions

Taskforce on Inequality and Social-related Financial Disclosures (TISFD)
The TISFD Framework (Beta Version 0.1) presents draft disclosure recommendations for businesses and financial institutions on people-related impacts, dependencies, risks and opportunities. Building on ISSB, GRI and ESRS standards, it covers governance, strategy, and impact and risk management pillars, with metrics and targets to follow in future iterations.
Research
11 June 2026

The Swiss investors in the ICE system

BreakFree Suisse
This BreakFree Suisse research note examines Swiss institutional investors — including UBS, SNB, Zurich Insurance, and others — holding billions of dollars in US ICE contractors Palantir, AT&T, Geo Group, and CoreCivic. The report argues these investments conflict with the investors' stated human rights policies and ESG commitments.
Research
6 February 2026

Nature-based solutions for a sustainable critical minerals value chain

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This report examines how nature-based solutions (NbS) can be integrated into critical minerals mining. Drawing on case study research and expert events at Climate Week NYC and COP30, it identifies six resilience-building NbS categories and highlights the need for systems-based planning, community collaboration, and improved financing mechanisms.
Research
29 April 2026

Just transition in action: Complement to NZIF supplementary guidance for just transition

Institutional Investor Group on Climate Change (IIGCC)
Produced by IIGCC with support from AIGCC, IGCC, and Ceres, this report complements the NZIF Supplementary Guidance on Just Transition. It provides practical case studies and frameworks to help investors integrate social equity considerations into climate-aligned investment strategies across internal direction, asset alignment, and external engagement.
Research
17 February 2026

Global report on internal displacement series

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
The Global Report on Internal Displacement (GRID) is an annual benchmark series published by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC). It tracks the scale, drivers, and geography of internal displacement worldwide, covering both conflict- and disaster-driven movements across countries and regions.
Benchmark/series
5 February 2026

Data centers and local economies in the age of AI: A shift-share approach

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This NBER working paper examines the local economic effects of data centre expansion across U.S. counties from 1995 to 2020. Using shift-share instruments, the authors find positive effects on employment, establishments, income, and house prices, alongside higher electricity prices, presenting a mixed policy outcome for counties hosting data centres.
Research
8 May 2026

EU Funding Watch

Impact Europe
EU Funding Watch curates calls, grants and opportunities across the European funding landscape for impact ecosystem practitioners.
Online tool/database

Trump climate endangerment stories

Environmental Defense Fund
This interactive mapping tool from the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) combines climate data and community stories to show how climate change is affecting temperatures, water resources, disaster losses, insurance costs and public health across the United States. It also illustrates the projected impacts of changes to federal climate pollution regulations.
Online tool/database

Modeling ghost GDP: Macro-financial risk and diversified portfolios in the age of artificial intelligence, automation, and populism

The Predistribution Initiative
This PDI working paper stress-tests four AI-driven labour displacement scenarios against US macro-financial data, modelling cascading losses across household debt, corporate credit, equities, pensions, insurance, and fiscal channels. Total economy-wide value at risk ranges from approximately $15–18 trillion (Light) to $62–72 trillion (Aggressive). Predistributive mechanisms are proposed as structural solutions.
Research
8 June 2026

The accountability framework operational guidance series

Accountability Framework initiative
The Accountability Framework Operational Guidance series provides practical guidance for companies on implementing responsible agricultural and forestry supply chains. The series covers environmental protection, human rights, workers’ rights, Indigenous Peoples’ and local communities’ rights, supply chain management, reporting, remediation, and compliance with voluntary commitments and applicable law.
Benchmark/series
4 April 2024

Voice without influence? Global investor voting rationale disclosures in Korea

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
This study examines whether global institutional investors’ voting rationale disclosures influence Korean firms’ gender diversity and climate-related policies. It finds stronger investor focus on board gender diversity than climate risk, limited influence on large firms, greater impact on smaller firms’ emissions reductions, and evidence that voting rationales affect the credibility of sustainability reporting.
Research
17 May 2026

Trust, financial literacy, and financial behaviors: Shaping retirement security

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This NBER working paper examines how trust in financial institutions and government programmes, and financial literacy, shape retirement security for Americans aged 50+. Using 2020 Health and Retirement Study data, it finds trust in financial institutions supports retirement saving, while trust in government programmes reduces private saving, with notable racial disparities.
Research
7 May 2026
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