Library | ESG issues

Targets & Accountability

Targets and accountability are essential for ensuring organisations and governments follow through on commitments to sustainability, climate action, and social responsibility. Setting measurable and transparent targets such as net-zero goals, emissions reductions, diversity benchmarks, and human rights protections allows for tracking progress and holding entities accountable. Clear, data-driven targets strengthen stakeholder trust and help align financial and business strategies with long-term sustainability objectives.

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One Planet Network

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
One Planet Network is a global multi-stakeholder partnership advancing sustainable consumption and production (SCP). It implements the 10-Year Framework of Programmes (10YFP) through six thematic programmes. The network acts as a knowledge hub and convenes governments, businesses, civil society and experts on SCP and SDG 12.
Organisation
1 research item

Place-based just transition: Policy baseline and case studies

Asia Investor Group on Climate Change (AIGCC)
This report from the Asia Investor Group on Climate Change analyses place-based just transition policies in India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Japan. It outlines market-specific policy baselines, labour and social dynamics, financing needs and case studies, providing investors and policymakers with insights into ensuring equitable low-carbon transitions in Asia.
Research
22 September 2025

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is a global treaty regulating international trade in wildlife to ensure species survival in the wild. It enforces permit systems, categorises species under appendices, and supports cooperation among 185 Parties in biodiversity conservation.
Organisation
1 research item

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR)

Government Organisations & Departments
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) is Germany’s national geological survey, advising the federal government on geoscience and raw materials. It undertakes research in earth sciences, resource management, geodata systems and sustainability. Located in Hannover, BGR coordinates national geoscientific data infrastructure and policy.
Organisation
1 research item

Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK)

Government Organisations & Departments
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) is a German government body responsible for economic policy, industrial strategy, energy transition, digitalisation, and climate action. It develops regulations, promotes innovation, supports businesses, and coordinates international cooperation to strengthen Germany’s economic growth while advancing sustainability and climate neutrality goals.
Organisation

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is a US-based nonpartisan economic research organisation producing working papers, conferences, datasets and publications on macroeconomics, labour markets, health economics and public policy. It supports scholars and policymakers with in-depth empirical research.
Organisation
1 research item

Enel: Industry case studies: Electric utility

United Nations Global Compact
This report presents Enel’s case study on implementing CFO Principles for the SDGs. It outlines historical drivers, sustainability disruption, strategic responses, and SDG investments, highlighting decarbonisation, electrification, and financial performance assessment. The report details Enel’s renewable energy expansion, SDG alignment, and integration of sustainability outcomes with financial results.
Research
20 September 2021

The just transition: How two investors are tackling its social implications

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
This report by PRI outlines how Fonds de Solidarité FTQ and Ircantec integrate just transition principles into investment strategies. It highlights measures to support decarbonisation, quality jobs, community engagement, sustainable real estate, and shareholder dialogue, linking social considerations with environmental goals in advancing a low-carbon economy.
Research
4 March 2020

Target-setting protocol fourth edition

United Nations Environment Programme
The report outlines the fourth edition of the Science Based Targets initiative’s target-setting protocol. It provides updated guidance, criteria, and methodology for companies to set near-term science-based greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, aligning with 1.5°C pathways and incorporating broader coverage across sectors, geographies, and organisational boundaries.
Research
16 April 2024

Global pricing of carbon-transition risk

This report examines the global pricing of carbon-transition risk by assessing equity markets’ responses to climate policy and transition exposure. It analyses regional variations, sectoral impacts, and the role of carbon pricing in financial markets, highlighting implications for asset valuation and investment strategies.
Research
12 August 2023

ESG and responsible institutional investing around the world: A critical review

CFA Institute
This report reviews global ESG and responsible investing practices, focusing on definitions, regulation, climate finance, and institutional investor roles. It evaluates evidence from academic research and PRI data, highlighting investor influence, governance, and engagement strategies, while noting challenges around ratings, greenwashing, and measuring real outcomes.
Research
20 May 2020

City development limited: Industry case studies: Real estate

DBS Bank
City Developments Limited outlines its sustainability strategy, focusing on climate resilience, stakeholder engagement, and SDG-aligned investments. The report details historical drivers, innovation in green building, ESG integration, and financial performance, highlighting case studies on technology adoption and partnerships to advance low-carbon operations and responsible real estate growth.
Research
20 September 2021

DBS Bank

Commercial Research Providers
DBS Bank India is a digital-led universal bank offering personal, SME, corporate and wealth management services. Features include resident and non-resident (NRI) savings and fixed deposit accounts, remittance, loans, digital payments and credit/debit card solutions. Positions as Asia’s safest bank with a wide India branch network.
Organisation
1 research item

ShareAction's point of no return series

ShareAction
The Point of No Returns benchmark series assesses the world’s largest asset managers on responsible investment across climate, biodiversity, social issues, governance, and stewardship. Published by ShareAction, the series provides rankings, sector-wide analysis, and examples of practice to guide improvement and accountability.
Benchmark/series

London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG)

Commercial Research Providers
LSEG (London Stock Exchange Group) is a global financial markets infrastructure and data provider. It delivers market-data, analytics, news and index products to over 44,000 customers in more than 170 countries. LSEG’s services cover capital markets, post-trade operations, risk management and information services.
Organisation
1 research item

Kroll

Commercial Research Providers
Kroll is a global financial and risk advisory firm offering services in valuation, investigations, cyber-resilience, regulatory compliance, transaction advisory, restructuring and business services.
With around 6,500 experts across 32 countries, Kroll helps clients build, protect and maximise enterprise value through data, technology and intelligence.
Organisation
1 research item
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