Library | ESG issues
Targets & Accountability
Targets and accountability are essential for ensuring organisations and governments follow through on commitments to sustainability, climate action, and social responsibility. Setting measurable and transparent targets such as net-zero goals, emissions reductions, diversity benchmarks, and human rights protections allows for tracking progress and holding entities accountable. Clear, data-driven targets strengthen stakeholder trust and help align financial and business strategies with long-term sustainability objectives.
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Implicit versus explicit contracting in executive compensation for environmental and social performance
This study analyses how explicit and implicit executive compensation schemes linked to environmental and social (ES) targets affect corporate ES performance. Explicit schemes, with measurable targets, enhance precise outcomes like emissions reduction. Implicit schemes, relying on subjective assessment, excel in areas with vague metrics, such as community engagement.
Interconnected justice: Understanding the cross-border implications of climate transition policies
The report explores the concept of interconnected justice in global climate and nature transitions. It highlights the need for policies that integrate environmental, social, and economic dimensions, advocating multi-actor dialogues and frameworks to mitigate cross-border inequalities.
Net zero policy matters: Assessing progress and taking stock of corporate and financial net zero policy reform
The report evaluates progress in corporate and financial net zero policies across G20 nations. It highlights uneven adoption, notable gaps in ambition, and policy divergence. While disclosure and taxonomies advance, integration of just transition, adaptation, and nature remains limited. The report calls for global alignment to meet 1.5°C targets.
Fair Supply extinction risk assessment tool
This tool assesses biodiversity risks in supply chains, enhancing sustainable sourcing and investment practices. It is designed to help users map impacts to species extinction along supply chains or investment portfolios, using an adaptation of the STAR metric. (Primary proxy: Species extinction risk)
UNEP FI impact analysis tools for banks/investors
This tool is designed for banks, investors and corporate clients and investee companies. The tool guides banks/investors through an impact analysis of their portfolios. Developed jointly with signatories from the PRB and UNEP FI, the tool helps banks/investors set targets.
GIIN's IRIS
IRIS+ provides streamlined, practical, how-to guidance on integrating social and environmental factors into investment decision making. It is free to use.
Biodiversity Indicators Partnership (BIP)
The Biodiversity Indicators Partnership promotes the development, delivery and use of biodiversity indicators. Its primary role is to delivering indicators to monitor progress toward global and national goals and targets, such as those established under the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Convention on Migratory Species and Ramsar, among others. The BIP also supports indicators used in IPBES Assessment reports and for reporting progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. Indicators supported by the BIP are also used by national and regional government.
Indicators for the Kunming – Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
This site provides information about the proposed indicators for the monitoring framework for the Post 2020 GBF.
Transition today: A progress update - How investors can support climate transition across portfolios
The report explores how investors can support climate transitions through decarbonisation, alignment with transition pathways, and investments in climate solutions. It emphasises systemic risks, scope 3 emissions, and capital mobilisation to developing economies, offering actionable strategies to integrate climate goals into investment portfolios.
Transforming global finance for climate action: Addressing misaligned incentives and unlocking opportunities
The report identifies systemic barriers preventing the flow of capital to climate-positive projects. It introduces the PIVOT framework, outlining policy vacuum, misaligned incentives, valuation challenges, inactive ownership, and transition misalignment. The report provides actionable solutions for policymakers, investors, and stakeholders to align finance with the Paris Agreement.
Adapt now: A global call for leadership on climate resilience
The report highlights the urgent need for global climate adaptation. It presents evidence and solutions across key sectors—food, water, infrastructure, cities, and finance—emphasising economic benefits, social equity, and environmental preservation. This call to action seeks transformative planning, finance mobilisation, and inclusive leadership for a resilient future.
Fiscal policy and sustainable finance: Enhancing the role of the financial sector in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
The report explores how fiscal policy can mobilise private sector finance for sustainable development in Asia-Pacific. It emphasises green guarantees, subsidies, and roadmaps, showcasing ASEAN+3 successes in aligning fiscal policy with climate action to attract private investment and encourage sustainable economic activities.
Topo Finance
Topo Finance is a non-profit organisation dedicated to transforming the financial sector into a force for creating a more climate-safe and just world. They provide free advisory and consulting services to help companies align their financial management with environmental and social objectives. Additionally, Topo Finance develops pioneering research and publicly available tools to illuminate the hidden link between finances and climate change, enabling individuals and organisations to maximise the positive impact of their finances.
Global partnerships case study: Measuring and managing financial inclusion outcomes
This case study explores how Global Partnerships adopts outcomes-focused impact measurement and management (IMM) practices. It highlights the importance of tracking both development and intermediate outcomes in financial inclusion to ensure investments genuinely benefit underserved populations and achieve measurable social impact while mitigating potential risks.
Partnership for Biodiversity Accounting Financials (PBAF)
Partnership for Biodiversity Accounting Financials (PBAF) is dedicated to advancing biodiversity measurement and valuation in finance. By uniting stakeholders, PBAF aims to enhance biodiversity integration into financial decision-making. The organisation fosters collaboration and provides resources to promote sustainable investment strategies that contribute to global biodiversity goals and accountability in the financial sector.
Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)
Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI) works to transform the finance sector by integrating sustainability into financial decision-making. It collaborates with stakeholders to develop frameworks, tools, and resources that enhance the understanding of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. ASFI aims to facilitate investment aligned with sustainable development goals.