Library | ESG issues

Targets & Accountability

Targets and accountability are essential for ensuring organisations and governments follow through on commitments to sustainability, climate action, and social responsibility. Setting measurable and transparent targets such as net-zero goals, emissions reductions, diversity benchmarks, and human rights protections allows for tracking progress and holding entities accountable. Clear, data-driven targets strengthen stakeholder trust and help align financial and business strategies with long-term sustainability objectives.

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Implicit versus explicit contracting in executive compensation for environmental and social performance

This study analyses how explicit and implicit executive compensation schemes linked to environmental and social (ES) targets affect corporate ES performance. Explicit schemes, with measurable targets, enhance precise outcomes like emissions reduction. Implicit schemes, relying on subjective assessment, excel in areas with vague metrics, such as community engagement.
Research
15 October 2024

Interconnected justice: Understanding the cross-border implications of climate transition policies

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
The report explores the concept of interconnected justice in global climate and nature transitions. It highlights the need for policies that integrate environmental, social, and economic dimensions, advocating multi-actor dialogues and frameworks to mitigate cross-border inequalities.
Research
14 November 2024

Net zero policy matters: Assessing progress and taking stock of corporate and financial net zero policy reform

Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)
The report evaluates progress in corporate and financial net zero policies across G20 nations. It highlights uneven adoption, notable gaps in ambition, and policy divergence. While disclosure and taxonomies advance, integration of just transition, adaptation, and nature remains limited. The report calls for global alignment to meet 1.5°C targets.
Research
14 November 2024

Fair Supply extinction risk assessment tool 

This tool assesses biodiversity risks in supply chains, enhancing sustainable sourcing and investment practices. It is designed to help users map impacts to species extinction along supply chains or investment portfolios, using an adaptation of the STAR metric. (Primary proxy: Species extinction risk)
Online tool/database

UNEP FI impact analysis tools for banks/investors

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
This tool is designed for banks, investors and corporate clients and investee companies. The tool guides banks/investors through an impact analysis of their portfolios. Developed jointly with signatories from the PRB and UNEP FI, the tool helps banks/investors set targets.
Online tool/database

GIIN's IRIS

Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN)
IRIS+ provides streamlined, practical, how-to guidance on integrating social and environmental factors into investment decision making. It is free to use.
Online tool/database

Biodiversity Indicators Partnership (BIP)

Other Industry / Sector Specific Groups & Sponsored Organisations
The Biodiversity Indicators Partnership promotes the development, delivery and use of biodiversity indicators. Its primary role is to delivering indicators to monitor progress toward global and national goals and targets, such as those established under the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Convention on Migratory Species and Ramsar, among others. The BIP also supports indicators used in IPBES Assessment reports and for reporting progress towards Sustainable Development Goals. Indicators supported by the BIP are also used by national and regional government.
Organisation

Indicators for the Kunming – Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

United Nations Environment Programme
This site provides information about the proposed indicators for the monitoring framework for the Post 2020 GBF.
Online tool/database

Transition today: A progress update - How investors can support climate transition across portfolios

Mercer
The report explores how investors can support climate transitions through decarbonisation, alignment with transition pathways, and investments in climate solutions. It emphasises systemic risks, scope 3 emissions, and capital mobilisation to developing economies, offering actionable strategies to integrate climate goals into investment portfolios.
Research
1 November 2024

Transforming global finance for climate action: Addressing misaligned incentives and unlocking opportunities

Global Sustainable Investment Alliance
The report identifies systemic barriers preventing the flow of capital to climate-positive projects. It introduces the PIVOT framework, outlining policy vacuum, misaligned incentives, valuation challenges, inactive ownership, and transition misalignment. The report provides actionable solutions for policymakers, investors, and stakeholders to align finance with the Paris Agreement.
Research
14 November 2024

Adapt now: A global call for leadership on climate resilience

World Resources Institute
The report highlights the urgent need for global climate adaptation. It presents evidence and solutions across key sectors—food, water, infrastructure, cities, and finance—emphasising economic benefits, social equity, and environmental preservation. This call to action seeks transformative planning, finance mobilisation, and inclusive leadership for a resilient future.
Research
14 September 2019

Fiscal policy and sustainable finance: Enhancing the role of the financial sector in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Asian Development Bank (ADB)
The report explores how fiscal policy can mobilise private sector finance for sustainable development in Asia-Pacific. It emphasises green guarantees, subsidies, and roadmaps, showcasing ASEAN+3 successes in aligning fiscal policy with climate action to attract private investment and encourage sustainable economic activities.
Research
13 June 2024

Topo Finance

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Topo Finance is a non-profit organisation dedicated to transforming the financial sector into a force for creating a more climate-safe and just world. They provide free advisory and consulting services to help companies align their financial management with environmental and social objectives. Additionally, Topo Finance develops pioneering research and publicly available tools to illuminate the hidden link between finances and climate change, enabling individuals and organisations to maximise the positive impact of their finances.
Organisation
1 research item

Global partnerships case study: Measuring and managing financial inclusion outcomes

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)
This case study explores how Global Partnerships adopts outcomes-focused impact measurement and management (IMM) practices. It highlights the importance of tracking both development and intermediate outcomes in financial inclusion to ensure investments genuinely benefit underserved populations and achieve measurable social impact while mitigating potential risks.
Research
19 October 2024

Partnership for Biodiversity Accounting Financials (PBAF)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Partnership for Biodiversity Accounting Financials (PBAF) is dedicated to advancing biodiversity measurement and valuation in finance. By uniting stakeholders, PBAF aims to enhance biodiversity integration into financial decision-making. The organisation fosters collaboration and provides resources to promote sustainable investment strategies that contribute to global biodiversity goals and accountability in the financial sector.
Organisation

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI) works to transform the finance sector by integrating sustainability into financial decision-making. It collaborates with stakeholders to develop frameworks, tools, and resources that enhance the understanding of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. ASFI aims to facilitate investment aligned with sustainable development goals.
Organisation
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