Library | SDGs

GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

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Sustainable development report interactive map

Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN)
The Sustainable Development Report's interactive map evaluates the progress of all 193 UN Member States towards the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Each country's performance is scored, with 100 indicating full achievement. Users can explore individual goals and assess transboundary impacts through the Spillover Index.
Online tool/database

Introducing a standardised framework for escalating engagement with companies

ShareAction
ShareAction’s report introduces a standardised escalation framework for investors to engage with companies on environmental and social issues. It outlines an escalation toolkit and pathway to ensure structured, transparent, and time-bound engagement. The framework aims to enhance investor accountability, drive systemic change, and improve corporate sustainability practices through clear expectations, reporting, and enforcement mechanisms.
Research
6 December 2023

Decarbonisation investment solutions for sectors: A discussion paper on Sector Transition Plans and their importance to investors

Investor Group on Climate Change
The report from the Investor Group on Climate Change (IGCC) discusses the development and importance of sector transition pathways to support Australia’s decarbonisation. It highlights how clear pathways aligned with the Paris Agreement can guide investment, minimise risks, and foster collaboration among investors, governments, and companies to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.
Research
30 October 2023

Contextualising ESG funds' engagement strategies in Asia

The report examines the engagement strategies of ESG funds in Asia, highlighting the unique challenges posed by regulatory constraints, concentrated ownership, and political influences. Using a structured engagement pyramid, the study categorises ESG fund strategies, ranging from investment screening to direct corporate control. Despite obstacles, notable regional features can support ESG initiatives, such as shareholder voting mechanisms and strategic collaborations. The report provides insights into how ESG funds navigate these challenges to influence corporate governance and sustainability outcomes in Asia.
Research
16 October 2024

How to build a better ESG fund classification system

CFA Institute
The report outlines the challenges of ESG fund classification and proposes a structured framework based on three observable features: ESG information use for risk-adjusted returns, policies controlling ESG exposure, and explicit impact objectives. It critiques existing regulatory approaches and suggests improvements for investor clarity, regulatory effectiveness, and research utility.
Research
10 September 2024

GSG Impact

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
GSG Impact is an organisation dedicated to integrating impact considerations into all investment, business, and government spending decisions. Operating in over 50 countries, it collaborates with leaders, investors, governments, regulators, and social innovators to enhance societal and environmental outcomes. Key focus areas include mobilising private capital for public good, ensuring impact transparency and integrity, and building impact economies globally.
Organisation
1 research item

A guide to just transitions for communities in Aotearoa New Zealand

The case studies and guidance found in this document illuminates how just transitions for Māori (and planetary) wellbeing are operationalised on the ground. Investors aiming to align impact finance or more conventional capital flows with a just transition can find valuable insights in the form of both tangible examples and a visionary roadmap, demonstrating how justice is meaningful embedded in community transitions.
Research
27 June 2023

CDSB framework: Application guidance for biodiversity-related disclosures

Climate Disclosure Standards Board (CDSB)
The CDSB Framework application guidance for biodiversity-related disclosures (the Biodiversity Application Guidance) has been produced by CDSB to assist companies in the disclosure of the material information about the risks and opportunities that biodiversity presents to an organisation’s strategy, financial performance and condition within the mainstream report (biodiversity-related financial disclosure). It is designed to supplement the CDSB Framework for reporting environmental and climate change information to investors (CDSB Framework).
Research
30 November 2021

GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024

Global Reporting Initiative
The GRI 101: Biodiversity 2024 report establishes a framework for organisations to disclose their biodiversity impacts and management practices. Effective from 1 January 2026, the standard outlines disclosure requirements across biodiversity policies, impact management, ecosystem services, and compliance. It aligns with global sustainability goals, emphasising mitigation hierarchies and stakeholder engagement for transparency and ecological accountability.
Research
25 January 2024

Climate & nature sovereign index: Introducing a framework for a clear assessment of environmental risk

World Wide Fund for Nature (World Wildlife Fund – WWF)
The Climate and Nature Sovereign Index (CNSI) is a framework assessing climate and nature-related risks at a country level. It utilises real-time and forward-looking indicators to help sovereign debt investors evaluate environmental risks and engage with countries on sustainable policies, aiming to integrate environmental considerations into sovereign debt investing for better long-term outcomes.
Research
24 July 2020

Guidance on the identification and assessment of nature related issues: The LEAP approach

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
This document provides corporates and financial institutions with guidance on identifying and assessing nature-related issues using the TNFD proposed LEAP approach.
Research
25 October 2023

Sector guidance: Additional guidance for financial institutions

Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)
This document provides proposed additional guidance for financial institutions on the TNFD’s recommended disclosures.
Research
20 September 2023

Free Prior and Informed Consent: An indigenous peoples’ right and a good practice for local communities

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
This manual explores the unique characteristics of indigenous food systems. It highlights their sustainability and resilience, particularly in the context of climate change, and underscores the importance of preserving and learning from these traditional practices.
Research
5 October 2016

OECD due diligence guidance for meaningful stakeholder engagement in the extractive sector

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
The guide helps financial institutions mitigate risks and enhance transparency by providing a framework for effective stakeholder engagement. This guidance supports informed and responsible investment decisions, ultimately improving relationships with affected communities and reducing potential legal and operational challenges.
Research
2 February 2017

IFC performance standard 6: Biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of living natural resources

International Finance Corporation
The IFC Performance Standard 6 outlines guidelines for conserving biodiversity and managing living natural resources. It aims to protect and sustain biodiversity, ensure the sustainable management of natural resources, and promote the maintenance of ecosystem services. By implementing these standards, projects can minimise environmental impacts, contribute to conservation efforts, and support sustainable livelihoods, enhancing overall project sustainability and resilience.
Research
1 January 2012

Akwé: Kon guidelines

United Nations Environment Programme
Developed in consultation with Indigenous Peoples, this document contains voluntary guidelines for the conduct of cultural, environmental and social impact assessments regarding developments proposed to take place on, or which are likely to impact on, sacred sites and on lands and waters traditionally occupied or used by indigenous and local communities.
Research
31 December 2004
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