Library | SDGs
GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
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Strengthening synergies between JREDD+ and sustainable supply chains to protect tropical forests
This white paper examines the integration of Jurisdictional REDD+ (JREDD+) programmes with corporate supply chain sustainability. It identifies pathways for corporate engagement, addresses structural barriers, and provides recommendations for recognising jurisdictional progress within sustainability frameworks to scale investment and enhance forest conservation outcomes in commodity production landscapes.
Traceability
The Accountability Framework provides guidance on supply chain traceability to ensure products are free from deforestation and human rights abuses. It outlines traceability requirements for different supply chain actors, defines four approaches for controlling product origins, and provides tools for companies to assess and report on their ethical commitments.
Green Industry Platform
The Green Industry Platform provides SMEs with technical knowledge and self-assessment tools, such as the I-GO Assistant, to enhance resource efficiency and implement net-zero measures. Managed by the GGKP, it offers sector-specific guidance, research, and circular economy insights for a sustainable industrial transition.
The petrochemical blind spot: Plastics, fertilisers and bank profits
This research report explores the petrochemical industry’s environmental and human rights impacts, documenting how European banks provide billions in financing to major chemical firms. It highlights the sector’s role in driving fossil fuel demand and recommends that financial institutions implement robust plastics policies and cease financing industry expansions.
Human rights and conflict in mineral supply chains: An Investor Guide
This research explores human rights and conflict risks in mineral supply chains, focusing on artisanal and small-scale mining. It outlines demand surges for critical minerals, the limitations of current regulatory frameworks, and provides guidance for investors to implement heightened due diligence and promote responsible sourcing practices across global portfolios.
Samenwerken aan een duurzaam en toekomstbestendig agrosysteem
This Sociaal-Economische Raad report provides a strategic framework for a sustainable Dutch agro-system. It advocates for goal-oriented steering, improved chain profitability, and institutional reform through a new public-private organisation. The strategy seeks to ensure economic viability within ecological boundaries, fostering a resilient agricultural sector by 2050.
Rio Tinto: A just transition case study
This report examines Rio Tinto’s failure to secure a social licence to operate for the Jadar lithium mine in Serbia. It highlights how social risks associated with the energy transition can lead to project abandonment, financial losses, and reputational damage, ultimately impacting bondholders as lithium production becomes more material.
Shifting ground: Human rights, Chinese investment and the rush for transition minerals
This report analyses 326 allegations of human rights and environmental abuses linked to Chinese overseas transition mineral investments between 2023 and 2025. It identifies Indonesia as the primary hotspot and highlights critical risks in extraction and processing, while offering recommendations for governments and companies to ensure a just transition.
Opportunities, enablers and requirements in advancing Earth Observation for scaling nature finance
This report by the LEON project assesses Earth Observation (EO) data's role in scaling nature finance. It addresses a €200 billion annual EU funding gap and details pilots in mining, agrifood, and sovereign finance. Key findings emphasise demand for processed spatial data to meet emerging disclosure requirements like TNFD.
Shelved again: Supermarkets’ missing action on methane
This report assesses 20 global food retailers on their methane reduction efforts. Findings reveal a leadership vacuum, with no supermarket reporting methane emissions or setting specific reduction targets. While European retailers outperform US counterparts, the sector overall fails to address the climate impact of meat and dairy supply chains.
Sand and sustainability: An essential resource for nature and development
This report identifies sand as the world's most consumed solid material, with 50 billion tonnes extracted annually. Valued at USD 569.4 billion in 2024, the market threatens biodiversity and ecosystems. The document provides 24 strategic recommendations to treat sand as a strategic national asset and improve environmental oversight.
What is driving innovation in sustainability systems?
This report examines the key drivers of innovation in sustainability systems, including evolving legislation, data accessibility, and the need for inclusive value creation. It highlights case studies in palm oil, aquaculture, and cocoa, while providing strategic insights for scaling successful innovations through collaboration and robust business cases.
Life cycle assessment for cotton (country averages, organic, regenerative, recycled)
This research provides regional life cycle assessment data for cotton cultivation and recycling across key global regions. It identifies environmental hotspots, such as nitrogen fertiliser emissions and electricity consumption, while integrating additional sustainability criteria like soil health, biodiversity, and human rights through an LCA+ approach.
The battle for plastic hegemony: the petrochemical historical bloc and the UN Global Plastics Treaty
This report examines the petrochemical historical bloc and its influence on the UN Global Plastics Treaty. It analyses how corporate-led partnerships, such as the Alliance to End Plastic Waste, use the circular economy concept to prioritise downstream waste management while protecting plastic production from restrictive upstream regulations.
Battery circularity: Innovation trends for a future source of critical materials
This report examines global innovation trends in battery circularity and critical metal refining. It highlights a surge in patenting activity since 2017, led by Asian companies. The analysis covers policy drivers, recycling technologies, and the role of secondary supplies in enhancing supply chain resilience and environmental sustainability.
Rare earth elements: Pathways to secure and diversified supply chains
This International Energy Agency report assesses global rare earth supply chains and vulnerabilities. It highlights China's dominance, the USD 6.5 trillion economic risk from potential disruptions, and provides eight strategic recommendations to achieve secure, diversified, and resilient supply through international coordination, increased investment, and innovation in recycling and demand-side technologies.