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GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

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Wikirate 2.0 Open Data Platform

Wikirate 2.0 is an open-source ESG data platform providing over 8 million data points on 150,000+ companies. It centralises benchmarks, corporate metrics, and supply chain data to support transparent investment analysis and corporate accountability.
Online tool/database
1 November 2024

Are we consuming too much groundwater?

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This research examines groundwater extraction across 3,400 global aquifers, finding that three-fifths to four-fifths are depleted faster than is optimal. While global aquifers are valued at over £80 trillion ($103 trillion), non-optimal management causes trillions in welfare losses. Optimal strategies involve reducing short-term extraction to restore water tables.
Research
6 October 2026

Driving circular economy innovation in India and Kenya

This report evaluates the Circular Economy Innovation Cluster (CEIC) programme in Bengaluru and Nairobi from 2023-2025. It identifies impacts including 124 collaborations, support for 1,550 informal workers, and a potential reduction of 218 kt CO2eq annually through upstream innovation and enhanced ecosystem coordination.
Research
29 October 2025

Circular economy perspectives in solar value chains: Circular business models for photovoltaic and solar water heating systems

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
This report examines transition strategies for solar value chains, focusing on circular business models for photovoltaic and solar water heating systems. It explores lifecycle management, modular design, and policy frameworks needed to manage projected cumulative solar waste of 60–78 million tonnes by 2050 while recovering critical materials.
Research
25 March 2026

The impact of sustainability reporting on directors' ESG duties: The disclosure-duty feedback loop

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
This research explores the "disclosure-duty feedback loop", where mandatory sustainability reporting reshapes corporate directors' legal duties. Analysing regimes in the United Kingdom, Singapore, the European Union, and the United States, the paper examines how reporting standards influence board oversight. It proposes reforms to clarify oversight obligations and liability protections.
Research
1 September 2026

Thematic notes on clear, fair & not misleading sustainability-related claims: Addressing greenwashing risks in support of sustainable investments: Third note: impact claims

This ESMA report provides guidance on avoiding greenwashing in sustainability impact claims. It outlines four key principles—accuracy, accessibility, substantiation, and timeliness—while defining theoretical concepts like intentionality and additionality. Practical do’s and don’ts for funds and bonds help market participants ensure communications are clear, fair, and not misleading.
Research
12 October 2026

Advancing responsible recycled plastics value chains through traceability and transparency: Learnings from the Responsible Sourcing Initiative

The Circulate Initiative
This report explores implementing traceability in recycled plastics value chains. Drawing on pilots in Viet Nam and Indonesia, it identifies misaligned incentives and data governance as primary barriers. It recommends integrating traceability into existing business processes and provides a decision framework to support organisations at different maturity stages.
Research
1 September 2026

Digging mining out of diesel dependence: Short-term options to enhance fuel and future-proof industry

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
This report examines Australia's mining industry's heavy reliance on diesel and identifies short-term efficiency improvements to reduce consumption by 10–20%. It highlights critical roles for coal and iron ore sectors, explores barriers like the Fuel Tax Credit system, and proposes policy reforms to enhance national fuel security.
Research
1 October 2026

From catch to cash: Four seafood giants could increase operating profit by 2% to 9% via improved traceability

Planet Tracker
This report analyses the financial benefits of digital traceability for seafood giants Nissui, Umios, Thai Union, and Nomad Foods. It finds that investing in full-chain, interoperable systems could increase operating profits by 2% to 9% by reducing costs, mitigating regulatory risks, and enhancing brand reputation through improved sustainability data.
Research
8 September 2026

Agribusiness Atlas: Facts and figures about the corporations that control what we eat 2026

The Agribusiness Atlas 2026 details the unprecedented concentration of corporate power within global food systems. It examines how dominant firms influence policy, drive environmental degradation, and impact food security. The report advocates for democratic food governance, fair pricing for farmers, and public sector alternatives to curb corporate control.
Research
1 September 2026

Unlocking textile circularity in the EU: From challenges to opportunities

Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS)
This report examines barriers and enablers for scaling up textile recycling in the EU. Combining literature reviews with 20 stakeholder interviews, it identifies technological, financial, and regulatory constraints. Recommendations include supporting demand-side measures, funding sorting technology research, and strengthening value chain collaboration to achieve circularity targets.
Research
1 September 2026

Cultivating investment: Resilient agriculture can pay off for food companies

Ceres
Extreme weather and climate change are destabilising agricultural supply chains, eroding traditional risk-management effectiveness. This report demonstrates how investing in regenerative agriculture builds resilience, potentially safeguarding $500 million in annual profits. It provides a framework for companies and investors to mitigate financial risks and secure long-term value.
Research
18 September 2026

The business case for science-based targets: Corporate insights on the value of science-based targets for nature

Science Based Targets Network (SBTN)
This report examines the strategic value of science-based targets for nature. Drawing on insights from early adopters across diverse sectors, it identifies six key business benefits, including protected revenue and enhanced credibility. It outlines a structured approach for organisations to manage environmental impacts while future-proofing operations against regulatory shifts.
Research
14 September 2026

Analysing the EU policy mix for the built environment from a sufficiency perspective

Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS)
This research assesses the integration of sufficiency principles into European Union building policies. Analysing 16 policy documents, it finds that while measures for reducing consumption and environmental sustainability are prevalent, social dimensions and behavioural changes are often neglected. It recommends prioritising building renovation over new construction to meet sustainability goals.
Research
5 September 2026

From voluntary to binding: Integration of sustainability standards and initiatives in public mining governance

International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD)
This report examines the integration of sustainability standards and initiatives (SSIs) into public mining governance. Through surveys and case studies in Brazil, Madagascar, and Sweden, it demonstrates how voluntary standards complement mandatory regulations to address environmental, social, and governance risks, supporting policy formulation, implementation, and transparent reporting.
Research
24 July 2026

Pollution pricing in equilibrium: Production, reallocation, and aggregate impacts

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
NBER research into the EU-ETS reveals that carbon pricing reduces emissions primarily through market reallocation and long-run technology adoption, rather than short-run input substitution. Doubling permit prices reduces aggregate emissions by 31% over five years, with moderate impacts on total output and employment across the production network.
Research
25 August 2026
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