This research assesses the integration of sufficiency principles into European Union building policies. Analysing 16 policy documents, it finds that while measures for reducing consumption and environmental sustainability are prevalent, social dimensions and behavioural changes are often neglected. It recommends prioritising building renovation over new construction to meet sustainability goals.

This research examines GSE fee waivers for lower-income first-time homebuyers, revealing that lenders pass through less than 40% of these savings. Intermediaries captured over 60% of the $1.5 billion benefit. High-cost loan officers and non-banks show the lowest pass-through, highlighting significant market power and search frictions.

This research assesses global building energy efficiency, identifying vulnerable populations living in aged or poorly shaped structures. It reveals that 48 million people are currently at risk, with vulnerability likely shifting towards heat-prone regions by 2100. Disparities in building codes and income levels significantly affect global climate adaptation efforts.

The First Street Research Library provides transparent, peer-reviewed reports and climate risk data focused on flooding, fire, and heat. It helps finance professionals quantify physical risks and their economic impacts.

Adaptbase Search is an AI-powered knowledge base that structures climate adaptation data from global city plans. It allows finance professionals to track urban resilience investments, benchmark city responses to climate hazards, and verify adaptation claims through a standardised knowledge graph of actions and outcomes.

GRESB Guides is a comprehensive documentation hub providing methodology, reference manuals, and scoring documents for GRESB’s global ESG benchmarks in real estate and infrastructure. It helps finance professionals navigate reporting requirements and interpret sustainability performance data.

A resource hub from Climate Central providing data, analysis, and visualisations on the trends and local impacts of extreme heat, including the Climate Shift Index and urban heat island studies.

This report examines how urban planning can operationalise the circular economy by addressing spatial dimensions. Drawing on European city experiences, it explores circular developments, infrastructure, land management and multi-level governance. It provides strategic directions for integrating circularity into core planning instruments to support systemic, territorially grounded transitions.

This handbook provides a harmonised framework for impact reporting on social bonds. It outlines core principles, recommendations, and sector-specific metrics for categories including affordable housing, essential services, and basic infrastructure. The document aims to enhance transparency and integrity in the social bond market through standardised reporting practices.

An addendum to the Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Cities, this tool helps local governments assess and strengthen extreme heat risk management. It uses 18 indicators to evaluate governance, infrastructure, and financial planning to build long-term urban resilience against rising temperatures.

This series by the Climate Bonds Initiative examines the development of sustainable finance markets across ASEAN. It covers green, social, sustainability and sustainability-linked debt instruments, alongside market structures, taxonomies, transition finance and policy developments supporting sustainable capital markets across the region.

This report analyses rising insurance costs in the United States commercial real estate sector. It finds that premiums have surged 154% since 2017, driven by climate risk and reinsurance trends. High-risk markets face significant valuation erosion, with multi-family properties particularly impacted by increased financial burdens and pricing volatility.

This research quantifies the impact of property-level flood risk disclosure on US housing prices and demographics. Homes labelled with 'extreme' risk saw a 3.3% price discount. Disclosure caused significant resorting, with lower-income, older, and FHA-financed buyers increasingly purchasing high-risk properties primarily due to reduced transaction prices.

The Asset-level physical climate risk register template, developed by the Investor Group on Climate Change (IGCC), enables consistent documentation of climate hazard assessments. It helps investors and managers track risks such as floods and wildfires at the individual asset level to support financial reporting and resilience planning.

This guidance outlines strategies for Australian investors to manage and reduce embodied carbon in real estate and infrastructure. It details a maturity pathway from benchmarking to achieving reductions, highlighting mandatory reporting requirements and strategic benefits. The document provides specific actions for equity and debt investors to align with net-zero pathways.

This IIGCC guidance supports institutional investors in integrating deforestation, land conversion, and associated human rights risks into net zero strategies. Aligned with the Net Zero Investment Framework 2.0, it provides practical, asset class-specific action points across listed equity, sovereign bonds, real estate, and private equity and debt.