Reviews new ways central banks can address the risk climate change poses to financial stability. To avoid "green swan" risks, central banks should develop forward-looking scenario-based analysis to understand climate-related risk and coordinate with other major players to develop and integrate climate mitigation policies at the international level.

This project aims to make corporate political capture a central component of investors’ approach to ESG stewardship and integration. It leverages information on the state of play for key sectors and shares lessons learned from past investor engagements, including a 12-step process for ESG investors to address negative corporate lobbying.

This report guides company directors in making ethical decisions in the boardroom. It seeks to support and strengthen a board’s capacity to reason by providing a decision-making framework, key questions to frame board deliberations and practical examples of ethical dilemmas.

This report takes a statistical look at the impact of historical ESG score shifts on stock prices valuation. It further determines financial performance implications for a broad spectrum of companies based on an ESG valuation curve.

MSCI Inc. is a financial services company that provides services and tools to globally support the management of investment processes. MSCI Inc. builds industry-leading solutions that enable its clients to understand and analyse key drivers of risk and return to ensure effectiveness and transparency across their portfolios.

Recommendations on actions by Australian Government and finance sector for unlocking the potential of sustainable finance in Australia. The basis of these recommendations are the European Union's Action Plan on sustainable finance that was adopted by the European Commission in March 2018 and the likelihood of their success in Australia.

The report highlights key findings from Schroder’s Global Investor Study. It provides an insight into global investor attitudes towards sustainable investing and the obstacles preventing widespread adoption of sustainable investing. The report emphasises the notion that sustainable investing is gaining momentum around the world.

This report ranks the 20 largest European banks based on their response to climate change as of the 6th December 2019. The report highlights that while the European banking sector is making progress in reflecting climate-related risks, there is need for greater integration of these risks fully into strategies, processes, risk management tools and transparency.

Developed from the contributions of The Global Steering Group for Impact Investment (GSG) working group and case studies, this report aims to accelerate and scale impact investment. Split into two sections, the first explores priorities for action to drive positive impact and the second assists actors to translate the priorities into action.

This paper makes the business case for financial firms to use an internal carbon price in investment and lending practices. Drawing on stakeholder insights, this paper provides guidance on how to best implement an internal carbon price to decarbonise portfolios and increase resilience in a low-carbon transition.

Westpac is one of Australia's four largest banks and financial services providers and also operates in New Zealand. Westpac offers a range of consumer, business, institutional banking and wealth management services.

Introduces financial inclusion as a dimension of financial development by presenting main findings and key insights from a micro and macroeconomic standpoint. Examines trends and provides insights into the effects of financial inclusion initiatives on the economy with a focus on household and micro, small and medium-sized (MSMEs) enterprise outcomes.

This report aims to promote strategies for including environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria in investment decisions within fixed income. It provides an overview on sustainable investing in fixed income across five core areas building on research, practical experiences and a literature review to inform findings.

The World Bank is an international organisation affiliated with the World Bank Group dedicated to providing finance, advice and research to developing nations to enhance their economic development. Predominantly the bank acts as an organisation attempting to fight poverty by providing developmentally assistance to middle and low income countries.

International Monetary Fund is an organisation composed of 190 countries that work in collaboration to ensure the stability of the international monetary system. It engages in global financial and economic affairs to promote growth and sustainability as well as facilitate international trade and cooperation.

Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution owned by sixty-three central banks, which seeks to foster cooperation of central banks by conducting banking services and publishing research on monetary and financial stability.