This report uses quantitative and qualitative research to further our understanding of developments in digital financial inclusion driven by fintech, and their macroeconomic effects. It also details the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses the future of fintech’s impacts on financial inclusion.

There is consistent evidence of financial services contributing to improved well-being, yet the influence of contextual factors is largely unknown. The theory of change framework identifies several knowledge gaps that funders/researchers can address to develop a more accurate prediction of when financial inclusion policy will generate positive wellbeing outcomes.

Arabesque is a global partnership of three financial technology (FinTech) companies offering sustainable investment, advisory and data services, employing environmental, social and governance (ESG) big data and artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities. It comprises: Arabesque Asset Management, Arabesque S-Ray GmbH, ESG big data solutions provider; Arabesque AI Ltd, AI-based advisory company.

United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) has improved financial inclusion, through implementing its Expanding Financial Access and Digital and Financial Literacy (REFAD) program in Rwanda, and by working with local partners to help cater digital financial solutions and improve financial literacy for rural and refugee communities.

Discusses the potential of digital financial services (DFS) to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. Analyses DFS role in financial inclusion within households and emerging markets and developing economies. Examines constraints of regulations and frameworks and provides case studies from countries that have enabled DFS in their economy.

Addresses new developments in financial technology (fintech) through alternative data and explains how fintech has transformed the structure of financial services. Outlines new risks to the finance industry concerning democracy, sustainability, justice and resilience. While exploring opportunities to transform fintech for good through seven principles to guide financial policymaking and regulation.

Introduces financial inclusion as a dimension of financial development by presenting main findings and key insights from a micro and macroeconomic standpoint. Examines trends and provides insights into the effects of financial inclusion initiatives on the economy with a focus on household and micro, small and medium-sized (MSMEs) enterprise outcomes.

The International Capital Market Association (ICMA) is a non-profit membership association, headquartered in Switzerland, representing financial institutions active in international capital markets. ICMA serves a wide range of members including public and private sector issuers, financial intermediaries, asset managers and other investors, capital market infrastructure providers, central banks, law firms and others worldwide.

The Matrix provides industry specific ideas for action and industry specific practical examples for each relevant SDG. It profiles opportunities which companies expect to create value for shareholders as well as for society.