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Governance for climate and development: Insights from World Bank Group Country Climate and Development Reports covering 103 economies

The World Bank
This report synthesises insights from 103 Country Climate and Development Reports, detailing how climate change risks threaten global growth and jobs. It emphasises that climate action requires annual investments of 1.8 per cent of GDP and stronger governance frameworks to bridge the gap between national ambition and effective implementation.
Research
26 October 2026

Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development

United Nations (UN)
This United Nations report identifies sustainable development as a global priority, addressing the interlinked crises of poverty and environmental degradation. It advocates for urgent multilateral co-operation and presents a strategic agenda for institutional and legal change to protect the planet's resources for current and future generations.
Research
4 August 1987

Leverage points: Places to intervene in a system

ERM SustainAbility Institute
Donella Meadows explores twelve leverage points for intervening in complex systems, ranked by effectiveness. She argues that while common interventions focus on parameters like taxes, higher-level systemic changes—such as shifting goals, paradigms, or information flows—offer significantly more transformative power for addressing global challenges and improving organisational resilience.
Research
1 December 1999

Beyond the power plant: The hidden costs of gas-fired generation

GridLab
This report examines understated infrastructure costs supporting new gas-fired power plants. Driven by data centre growth, these "hidden" expenses for pipelines and storage often represent 30% of capital spending. It recommends integrated regulatory oversight and unified cost tests to ensure transparency and protect ratepayers from stranded-asset risks.
Research
24 June 2026

The European Union's automotive sector needs a plan, not undue protection

Bruegel
This report analyses the EU automotive sector's challenges from electrification and Chinese competition. It argues against protectionist local-content requirements, recommending structural reforms, a negotiated trade agreement with China, and leveraging foreign investment to facilitate industry adjustment, ensuring long-term competitiveness while maintaining an ambitious pace of decarbonisation.
Research
21 September 2026

The state of ESG 2026

Malk Partners
Malk Partners’ fourth annual report examines ESG trends across private markets in 2026. It identifies a disconnect where strong LP and GP ambitions face capacity constraints at the portfolio-company level. Key themes include the growth of Responsible AI, decarbonisation strategies, and shifting regulatory landscapes in the US and Europe.
Research
17 April 2026

Data centres as enabling infrastructure

Data Centres Australia
This report examines Australian data centres as critical enabling infrastructure. It highlights the sector’s economic contributions, energy efficiency advantages over on-premise servers, and substantial investments in renewable energy and water infrastructure. It provides policy recommendations to accelerate sustainable infrastructure approvals and facilitate private investment for digital growth.
Research
18 November 2025

Chokepoints in global supply chains: Lessons from rare earths and hard disk drives

Bank for International Settlements
This report examines global supply chain vulnerabilities through the contrasting cases of rare earth elements and hard disk drive production. It distinguishes between persistent structural chokepoints and temporary disruptions, noting that resilience measures, including diversifying processing capacity or maintaining inventories, must align with the specific nature of the risk.
Research
26 October 2026

How are CEOs fired?

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
Research into S&P 1500 firms reveals CEOs are significantly more likely to be dismissed when their firm is the worst performer within directors' interlocked board networks. These benchmarked dismissals often lead to post-turnover performance declines and negative market reactions, suggesting they stem from cognitive heuristics rather than value-enhancing monitoring.
Research
1 August 2026

Common ownership around the world

European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)
This research documents the global rise of common ownership across 49 countries from 2005 to 2023. It reveals that overlapping ownership is concentrated among large firms and driven by "Big Three" asset managers. Cross-country variation is linked to competition laws, market entry barriers, and investor protection frameworks.
Research
19 October 2026

More than net-zero: Responsible corporate board activity & the just transition

Global Business Initiative on Human Rights (GBI)
This report examines the role of corporate boards in advancing a rights-respecting just transition. It details regulatory pressures, international guidance, and collaborative frameworks for integrating human rights into climate strategy. While highlighting best practices through case studies, it identifies significant governance gaps in current corporate implementation and accountability.
Research
2 November 2026

Africa’s priorities for COP31: policy brief

Power Shift Africa
This policy brief outlines Africa's strategic priorities for COP31 in Antalya, Türkiye. It emphasizes transitioning from negotiation to implementation, focusing on adaptation finance, the New Collective Quantified Goal, just transitions, and resisting unilateral trade measures like CBAM while addressing the continent's US$190-277 billion annual climate finance requirement.
Research
7 November 2026

The new joule order

Carlyle
This report argues that energy security has replaced climate concerns as the primary driver of transition. It outlines a shift from 'Peak Oil' to 'Peak Trade', advocating for a diversified ecosystem of fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewables to insulate nations and investors from geopolitical and financial volatility.
Research
7 March 2025

Jobs and skills for the new economy: An Action Agenda for a people-centred climate transition

Systemiq
This report presents an Action Agenda for a people-centred climate transition. It identifies a potential net gain of 375 million jobs over the next decade, balanced against significant labour market churn. It outlines 10 recommendations across intentionality, innovation, and investment to prioritise human capital in climate strategies.
Research
15 August 2025

A metacognitive approach to learning and performance in human-AI interaction

This research introduces the Synergetic Notion of Human-AI Skills and Knowledge Construction (SYNC) model. It addresses the decoupling of learning and performance in GenAI interactions. By identifying four key pitfalls, the model outlines strategies like metacognitive onloading to foster human-AI synergy and ensure durable learning alongside AI-supported performance.
Research
30 October 2026

Principles for responsible institutional investors: Japan’s Stewardship Code – To promote sustainable growth of companies through investment and dialogue

Financial Services Agency
Japan’s Stewardship Code outlines principles for institutional investors to enhance long-term returns through constructive dialogue and sustainable corporate growth. Adopting a principles-based "comply or explain" approach, the Code emphasises managing conflicts of interest, effective monitoring, and transparent voting practices to improve corporate value and benefit the wider economy.
Research
26 June 2025
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