The report proposes integrating mission-oriented policy with Global Public Investment to unblock climate and biodiversity finance. It argues for predictable, equitable public funding, shared decision-making, reduced debt reliance, and reforms such as a Climate and Biodiversity Marshall Plan and redesigned debt-for-nature swaps.

The paper shows bond markets price fossil fuel stranding risk, while syndicated bank loans do not. Firms substitute bonds with bank loans as climate policy risk rises, concentrating exposure in large banks and raising “too-big-to-strand” regulatory concerns.

This report argues that climate change poses systemic risks to diversified portfolios and that conventional ESG engagement is insufficient. It proposes investor-led, enterprise-agnostic “guardrails” to limit greenhouse gas emissions, protect overall economic value, and complement inadequate regulation.

The IEA’s Energy and AI report examines AI’s rising electricity demand and its capacity to improve energy efficiency, security and innovation. It assesses data centres, grids and end-uses, highlighting skills, infrastructure and policy needs to manage costs, emissions and resilience globally.

This guideline provides practical guidance for cooling manufacturers to achieve Net Zero by 2050, outlining emissions hotspots, regulatory drivers and decarbonisation levers across Scopes 1–3, with emphasis on efficiency, low-GWP refrigerants, value-chain collaboration and science-based targets.

China Sustainable Investment Forum (China SIF) is a non-profit platform promoting sustainable finance and responsible investment in China.China SIF convenes investors, policymakers and researchers, producing ESG research, trend reports and high-profile events to advance environmental, social and governance practices in financial markets.

Forest Carbon and Climate Program (FCCP) at Michigan State University advances research, education and professional training on forest carbon, climate change and sustainable forest management.
FCCP delivers courses, events and applied insights supporting climate-smart forestry, carbon markets and land-use decision-making worldwide.

Global Nation is an independent think-do tank advancing global cooperation and solidarity.
It produces research, policy analysis and convenings on geopolitics, climate, development and governance, supporting governments, multilateral institutions and civil society with practical insights, partnerships and evidence-based recommendations across regions and sectors worldwide, through collaboration and dialogue initiatives programmes.

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is a global body strengthening links between science and policy on biodiversity and ecosystem services. It delivers authoritative assessments, tools and capacity-building to inform decision-making, manage nature-related risks, and support sustainable development worldwide for governments, finance, business and civil society globally.

Carbon Trust is a global climate consultancy and not-for-profit organisation supporting businesses, governments and investors to reduce carbon emissions. It provides research, advisory services and certification on net zero, energy efficiency and sustainable supply chains, helping accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy through practical tools, insights and policy engagement.

This article applies a systems lens to stewardship, arguing that fragmented intermediation and entrenched short-term time horizons undermine sustainability outcomes. It calls for recognising these structural barriers as a critical step toward more effective, systems-informed stewardship.

This series presents the Doughnut Economics framework, which assesses economic progress by balancing social foundations with ecological limits. It provides a structured approach to understanding whether human activity meets essential needs while remaining within planetary boundaries, supporting analysis, comparison and application across global, national and local contexts.

This benchmark series presents forward-looking assessments of global energy, land use and nature transitions. It consolidates expert judgement with structured policy tracking to outline plausible transition pathways across major economies, supporting investors and financial institutions in scenario analysis, risk assessment and strategic planning.

Inevitable Policy Response (IPR) is a climate policy analysis initiative focused on forecasting government responses to climate change. IPR produces investor-focused research, scenarios and tools, including the Transition Monitor, to assess transition risk, policy timing and financial impacts across sectors and regions for global financial markets and capital allocation decisions.

ET Advisors is a sustainability and climate advisory firm supporting investors, corporates and financial institutions. It provides research-led advice on climate transition, ESG strategy, sustainable finance and long-term value creation, helping organisations manage risk and align with global sustainability and net zero goals.

This series provides annual, peer-reviewed updates on key indicators of the global climate system and human influence. It tracks developments between IPCC assessment cycles, using consistent methods to support comparability, transparency, and evidence-based decision-making for policy and finance audiences.