Library | Sustainable Finance Practices

Impact measurement and verification

Approaches for defining, measuring, monitoring, and verifying the environmental, social, and financial impacts of investments using metrics, indicators, and verification standards.

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LSFI Data Platforms

Luxembourg Sustainable Finance Initiative (LSFI)
The Luxembourg Sustainable Finance Initiative Tools page curates open-source data platforms supporting sustainable finance. It provides access to climate, biodiversity, social and transition-risk tools used for ESG integration, risk analysis, policy assessment and investment decision-making across financial institutions.
Online tool/database

openLCA Nexus

GreenDelta
openLCA Nexus is an online repository providing access to life cycle assessment databases for environmental and sustainability analysis. It hosts free and licensed datasets from multiple providers, covering energy, materials, agriculture, transport and waste, designed for use within the openLCA software environment.
Online tool/database

Ecoinvent Association

Other
Ecoinvent Association is a Swiss not-for-profit association providing one of the world’s most comprehensive Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases for environmental and sustainability assessments. Its transparent, high-quality environmental data supports life cycle assessment (LCA), carbon footprinting and supply chain impact analysis for researchers, companies and policymakers.
Organisation

GreenDelta

Commercial Research Providers
GreenDelta GmbH is an independent sustainability consulting, engineering and software development company specialising in life cycle assessment (LCA), sustainability data, research and tools. It develops internationally used sustainability software such as openLCA and delivers consulting, data services and project-based research to enterprises, institutes and policy clients.
Organisation
1 research item

Orbae

AdAstra Sustainability
Orbae is an open-data platform by AdAstra Sustainability that quantifies greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural land-use change. It provides high-resolution, spatially explicit data to assess land conversion impacts across crops, regions and supply chains, supporting climate risk analysis, reporting and sustainable finance decision-making.
Online tool/database

CIMA Research Foundation

Scientific Bodies
CIMA Research Foundation is a non-profit scientific organisation specialising in environmental monitoring, climate risk and disaster risk reduction. It develops forecasting models, early warning systems and applied research for civil protection, climate adaptation and resilience, working with governments, academia and international programmes across Europe and globally in multiple hazard domains.
Organisation
1 research item

UN SDG Portal

United Nations (UN)
The United Nations SDGs platform (sdgs.un.org) is an online hub for the 2030 Agenda and 17 Sustainable Development Goals, offering goals, targets, indicators, events, publications and global actions to track and support SDG implementation. It also includes registries of voluntary commitments and multi-stakeholder partnerships.
Online tool/database

Electricity Maps

Commercial Research Providers
Electricity Maps is a commercial data platform providing global electricity grid information including electricity mix, carbon intensity, prices and load in real time, historically and forecasted. It serves businesses and developers with APIs and interactive maps to support sustainability insights, carbon accounting and energy analysis worldwide.
Organisation
1 research item

Food systems investing in East Africa: The roles of funds in financing food systems transformation

Transformational Investing in Food Systems (TIFS)
This report analyses 23 impact funds investing in East African food systems, assessing their design, impact alignment, and financing roles. It identifies gaps, good practices, and recommendations to strengthen agroecological and regenerative food systems investing.
Research
1 July 2023

Doing business within planetary boundaries

The Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics
This report argues that corporate reporting must incorporate absolute, location-specific environmental impacts aligned with planetary boundaries. It proposes science-based disclosures and the Earth System Impact score to improve assessment of cumulative nature-related risks, support credible investment decisions, and enhance comparability beyond carbon-focused metrics.
Research
5 November 2024

Beliefs about the climate impact of green investing

Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE
The study finds retail investors substantially overestimate green funds’ climate impact compared with academic experts, mainly due to limited understanding of financial-market transmission. Providing expert information lowers investors’ impact beliefs and willingness to pay, indicating misaligned expectations may drive capital towards products with limited real-world emissions effects.
Research
5 December 2025

Investor's guide to impact wealth management

Center for Sustainable Finance and Private Wealth (CSP)
The guide outlines how wealth managers integrate sustainability and impact across the client journey, highlighting variability in capabilities, the importance of clear investor objectives, access to private markets, and emerging practices in measurement, governance, and ecosystem building to support more effective impact-oriented wealth management.
Research
17 November 2025

Investor influence in private markets: How investors activities can result in changes in outcomes for people and or the natural environment

The Predistribution Initiative
This report examines how private market investors influence social and environmental outcomes through investment decisions and firm-level actions. It proposes a framework to assess pathways, outcomes and causality, supporting impact management beyond portfolio company effects.
Research
10 September 2024

Making money talk nicely: Biodiversity impact assessment for investors

This study compares eight biodiversity impact assessment tools used by investors. It finds low consistency in company rankings due to non-standardised methods, weak transparency and limited validation, concluding that reliance on single tools risks mispricing nature-related financial risk and calling for improved disclosures and spatially explicit approaches.
Research
26 June 2025

Harmonised framework for impact reporting for social bonds handbook

International Capital Market Association
The handbook provides a harmonised framework for issuers to report social bond impacts, outlining core reporting principles, target population disclosure, and preferred quantitative indicators. It introduces sector guidance—initially affordable housing—and offers templates to support consistent, transparent, and comparable impact reporting across social project categories.
Research
24 September 2024

Assessment of the biodiversity impacts and dependencies of globally listed companies

Finance for Biodiversity Foundation
The report assesses biodiversity impacts and ecosystem service dependencies of 2,369 globally listed companies using multiple footprinting tools. It finds impacts highly concentrated among few firms, driven mainly by climate change, pollution and land use, with food, energy and chemicals sectors prioritised for investor engagement.
Research
10 February 2024
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