Library | Sustainable Finance Practices

Impact measurement and verification

Approaches for defining, measuring, monitoring, and verifying the environmental, social, and financial impacts of investments using metrics, indicators, and verification standards.

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Energy Efficiency Progress Tracker

International Energy Agency (IEA)
The Energy Efficiency Progress Tracker by the IEA monitors global energy intensity and efficiency trends. It provides data for finance professionals to track energy transition progress, assess sectoral energy use, and evaluate alignment with international sustainability goals.
Online tool/database
26 February 2024

State of the Banking Transition

TPI Global Climate Transition Centre
This benchmark series reviews the progress of 36 large global banks on the low-carbon transition. Produced by the TPI Centre, it evaluates transition plans and decarbonisation targets using the Net Zero Banking Assessment Framework and Carbon Performance for Banks to measure alignment with international climate goals and the Paris Agreement.
Benchmark/series
16 October 2026

Making places better, together: The civic impact of Community Municipal Investments

Green Finance Institute
This report examines Community Municipal Investments (CMIs), a mechanism for UK councils to raise capital from residents. Evidence from 19 councils and 309 investors demonstrates that CMIs create civic value, increase public trust, and offer financial savings of 29 basis points on average against the Public Works Loan Board.
Research
24 September 2026

Russia’s coal industry after 2022: The hidden costs of Putinism’s extractive model

Green Think Tank
Following 2022 sanctions, Russia’s coal industry lost its sustainable model, incurring over USD 32 billion in cumulative losses. Redirecting exports to Asia proved unprofitable due to high logistics costs and hidden subsidies. Environmental degradation persists, while official methane reporting remains unreliable, requiring independent verification through satellite monitoring.
Research
1 May 2026

Forests & Finance Coalition

Rainforest Action Network
Forests & Finance is a database tracking billions in capital flows to forest-risk commodity companies. It provides transparency on financial links to deforestation and human rights risks.
Resource hub

C-ROADS Climate Change Policy Simulator

Climate Interactive
C-ROADS is a policy simulation tool developed by Climate Interactive and MIT Sloan to visualise how national emission reduction pledges impact global temperature and sea levels.
Online tool/database

Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT) Dashboard

Climate Policy Initiative
The Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT) is an interactive tool by Climate Policy Initiative that monitors 1,500 financial institutions. It tracks climate commitments, risk management, and real-economy impacts to help professionals benchmark transition progress across the global financial system.
Online tool/database
6 November 2025

ROSI™ Real Estate: How Affordable Housing Providers Can Create Financial Value While Supporting Resident Stability

NYU Stern Center for Sustainable Business
A research-based framework from NYU Stern that quantifies the financial value of sustainability in real estate, specifically showing how affordable housing providers improve financial performance by supporting resident stability.
Online tool/database

Brockovich Data Center Map

The Brockovich Data Center Map is a grassroots initiative tracking the environmental and community impacts of AI data centres across the United States. It provides interactive mapping and community-sourced reporting on energy use, water consumption, and infrastructure strain.
Online tool/database
22 April 2026

Impact Management Project

The Impact Management Project provides a shared convention for understanding and managing material effects on people and the planet. It introduces five dimensions of impact: what, how much, who, contribution, and risk. The framework assists businesses and investors in using data-driven assessments to mitigate negative outcomes and increase positive performance.
Research
28 September 2017

FPIC-360° Tool

Equitable Origin
The FPIC-360° Tool, developed by Equitable Origin, is a digital platform designed to facilitate and monitor Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) processes. It helps developers and investors manage Indigenous rights-based engagement and mitigate social risks in energy and infrastructure projects.
Online tool/database
1 January 2020

Traceability

Accountability Framework initiative
The Accountability Framework provides guidance on supply chain traceability to ensure products are free from deforestation and human rights abuses. It outlines traceability requirements for different supply chain actors, defines four approaches for controlling product origins, and provides tools for companies to assess and report on their ethical commitments.
Research
5 October 2020

Adaptation Insights 02: Investing in nature: Pathways to scale investments in nature-based solutions for climate adaptation

Environmental Change Institute (ECI), University of Oxford
This report examines pathways to scale nature-based solutions for climate adaptation, highlighting their superior benefit-cost ratios compared to traditional infrastructure. It identifies strategies to mobilise private capital, utilise standardised valuation metrics, and leverage carbon markets to support long-term maintenance and resilience across vulnerable regions, particularly in Africa.
Research
1 June 2025

Opportunities, enablers and requirements in advancing Earth Observation for scaling nature finance

The European Space Agency (ESA)
This report by the LEON project assesses Earth Observation (EO) data's role in scaling nature finance. It addresses a €200 billion annual EU funding gap and details pilots in mining, agrifood, and sovereign finance. Key findings emphasise demand for processed spatial data to meet emerging disclosure requirements like TNFD.
Research
27 April 2026

Corporate net zero targets: have they achieved anything?

Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment
This research evaluates the impact of corporate long-term net zero targets on emissions and governance. Analysing nearly 2,000 companies, it finds limited evidence of immediate emissions reductions. However, adoption correlates with improved strategic management, suggesting targets formalise emerging organisational transitions rather than triggering sudden decarbonisation.
Research
28 April 2026

Good practice for credible verification of living wages

ISEAL Alliance
This guidance establishes a tool-agnostic framework for the credible verification of living wage gaps. It details good practices for assessing remuneration data, in-kind benefits via the ARI 2025 approach, and living wage estimates. Key requirements include methodological rigour, triangulation, and independent oversight to ensure accurate, comparable outcomes.
Research
13 April 2026
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