This report examines the interaction between artificial intelligence and climate change, highlighting potential for mitigation and adaptation alongside significant environmental costs. It explores two technological trajectories—AI copilot and artificial general intelligence—while discussing implications for central banks regarding productivity, inflation, financial stability, and emerging global policy frameworks.

This research analyses the integration of national development banks (NDBs) into climate policies across 103 economies. It highlights that only 17.5% of countries explicitly reference NDBs in climate commitments. The report provides recommendations for governments and NDB leadership to strengthen institutional alignment and improve climate finance effectiveness.

This report maps the technical assistance ecosystem for agri-SMEs in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. It identifies structural gaps in information, pre-investment funding, and coordination. The analysis offers strategies to strengthen the ecosystem, highlighting the importance of nature integration and supporting local providers to improve investment readiness.

This report analyses the determinants and effectiveness of internal carbon pricing (ICP) globally. It finds that smaller boards and science-based targets drive higher pricing. While ICP adoption reduces short-term profitability due to capital reallocation, it successfully slows emission growth, even as absolute emissions remain linked to production.

This research examines how central bank climate communication affects 10-year sovereign bond yields. Using a dataset of over 17,000 speeches, it finds that climate-related discourse increases yields by making risks more salient. This effect is stronger in countries with independent central banks, reflecting the role of institutional credibility.

This research examines mutual fund ESG disclosures in shareholder letters. It finds that only 'opportunistic' disclosures focused on financial value attract significant investor flows. While aggregate data suggests greenwashing, granular analysis reveals 'impact' disclosures result in genuine portfolio improvements. However, opportunistic claims increase outflow risks if performance disappoints.

This research identifies the 'comparative industry effect'—differences in industry classification and peer group construction—as a major driver of ESG rating divergence. It explains 30% of industry-level score differences, particularly affecting environmental ratings and firms with limited public disclosure or complex ownership structures.

This report analyses the financial benefits of digital traceability for seafood giants Nissui, Umios, Thai Union, and Nomad Foods. It finds that investing in full-chain, interoperable systems could increase operating profits by 2% to 9% by reducing costs, mitigating regulatory risks, and enhancing brand reputation through improved sustainability data.

This report analyses the global water crisis, examining the impacts of climate change, pollution, and industrial demand. It highlights the strain from agriculture and digitalisation, explores the failure of privatisation, and advocates for sustainable governance and ecosystem restoration to ensure water security and human rights are protected globally.

The Agribusiness Atlas 2026 details the unprecedented concentration of corporate power within global food systems. It examines how dominant firms influence policy, drive environmental degradation, and impact food security. The report advocates for democratic food governance, fair pricing for farmers, and public sector alternatives to curb corporate control.

This report examines strategies for building resilient global governance amidst recurring transnational crises. It advocates for hybrid institutional complexes that balance robust and flexible institutions. By prioritising institutional diversity and leadership, governance systems can better absorb shocks, adapt through innovation, and prepare for future disruptions through institutional learning.

This report examines water risks as systemic financial threats to infrastructure. It proposes a seven-step decision framework to integrate ecosystem services into project appraisal and financing. Through case studies in Africa and Asia, it advocates for hybrid green-grey solutions and innovative financial mechanisms to address the global water infrastructure gap.

This systematic review synthesises evidence on how climate change affects menstrual health and hygiene globally. It finds that floods, cyclones, and droughts disrupt access to materials and sanitation, while air pollution correlates with earlier menarche. The report highlights critical gaps in research regarding extreme heat and equity.

This research examines how agricultural finance, markets and policy are transitioning soil health from a conservation goal to a financial metric. It details five forces driving structural carbon demand and seven financial innovations, including carbon warrants and digital verification, designed to reprice risk and unlock institutional capital for regenerative agriculture.

This report analyses climate finance readiness in fragile and conflict-affected situations. It identifies systemic barriers, including institutional instability and under-resourcing, that prevent readiness support from translating into finance. It proposes four principles to adapt readiness, advocating for a whole-of-government approach anchored in political and fiscal realities.

This IPSASB standard establishes principles for public sector entities to disclose climate-related risks and opportunities. Aligned with IFRS S2, it mandates disclosures regarding governance, strategy, risk management, and performance metrics. The standard prioritises accountability for long-term fiscal sustainability and service delivery, with an effective date of 1 January 2028.