This report analyses climate solutions that are proven, exist and will help reach drawdown. Drawdown is the point where greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are steadily declining, preventing further climate change. The climate solutions proposed are organised across three categories: reducing sources of emissions, supporting carbon sinks, and improving society.

The report describes nine principles for managing and measuring investments that seek to achieve a positive social or environmental impact. The principles may be implemented through different impact management systems and are designed to be fit for purpose for a range of institutions and funds.

Project Drawdown is a nonprofit organisation focused on researching and communicating climate solutions. The organisation seeks to help the world reach drawdown which is the future point in time when levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere stop climbing and start to steadily decline.

The International Corporate Governance Network (ICGN) Global Stewardship Principles (GSPs) provide an international framework for investors to implement their fiduciary obligations on behalf of clients and beneficiaries. ICGN’s stewardship principles are a set of aspirational best practices, curated to be used flexibly with individual investor circumstances in mind.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is an intergovernmental economic organisation with the means of stimulating world trade and economic progress for its member and non-member nations. The organisation has the means to facilitate policy that harbor prosperity, equality and opportunity.

This paper outlines a set of standards for private equity, debt and venture capital fund managers to align their funds with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report provides a practical, detailed, and comprehensive framework for fund managers to align their activities with the SDGs.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is a branch of the United Nations that acts as the global development network. The UNDP is an international entity that addresses sustainability issues regarding poverty, climate change and social injustice by collaborating with international agencies and governing bodies.

Business cannot thrive unless people and planet are thriving. This publication presents a framework for the next generation of business leadership with the intention to foster contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals at scale.

This report delves into the challenges and degrees of risk facing the oil, gas and thermal coal industry under three different climate scenarios. It was conducted as part of the ET Risk Project funded by the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

This paper argues against Andrew Rudd’s ‘inescapable conclusion’ that integration of environment, social or governance (ESG) criteria in the investment processes must worsen portfolio diversification. While, negatively impacting diversification through number of stocks and correlation it improves portfolio diversification through a reduction of the average stock’s specific risk.

This report discusses and identifies climate change related litigation risks as drivers and consequences of an energy transition. It presents a taxonomy of those risks and analyses them in the broader context of the financial risk associated with them.

This research is a review of literature on the use of macroeconomic and financial policy tools for mitigating the impact of climate change. The paper explores the effectiveness of fiscal, financial and monetary policy instruments for such mitigation which it considers to be the transition to a low carbon economy.

As the world’s second largest asset manager, Vanguard Group Inc. has the potential to become a climate action leader. Despite Vanguard’s commitment to the Net-Zero Asset Manager initiative, the report argues that Vanguard’s significant share in fossil fuel exposed companies demonstrates a passive attitude towards climate change.

This paper emphasises the capacity of the green economy in meeting environmental objectives in decision-making processes. FTSE Russell advocate data as crucial to investors to monitor industry and company-specific contributions to the economy and to assess opportunities in new green products and services.

Provides targeted guidance for minority shareholders with investments in public equities and limited partners in private equities on how to identify, prevent, and mitigate risks to human rights defenders throughout their investments. Human rights defenders are individuals who, individually or with others, act peacefully to promote or protect human rights.

This report examines the concept of inclusive business as a means of enabling disadvantaged populations to participate in economic activity and share economic value. The report provides a comprehensive discussion of what an inclusive business initiative comprises and contains examples showing how they address social challenges.