Library | ESG issues

Environmental

The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.

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Seeing green: The effects of financial exposures on support for climate action

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This research evaluates a randomised controlled trial using financial exposure to the energy sector to build support for climate action. Findings demonstrate that ownership of green and brown assets increases support for mitigation policies through a learning mechanism, where participants consume more financial news and improve their environmental knowledge.
Research
4 February 2026

Putting climate coalitions into practice: A common framework for balancing competitiveness and equity

Global Climate Policy Project at Harvard and MIT
This technical report proposes a framework for international climate coalitions, focusing on emissions-intensive industries such as steel and aluminium. Modelling indicates that coordinated carbon price floors could reduce annual emissions by up to 584 million metric tons. It introduces an 'effective carbon cost' metric to balance global competitiveness and equity.
Research
10 September 2026

Green trade, regional value chains and new partnerships for cooperation: Accelerating green industrialisation through partnerships with a focus on Africa

ODI Global
This briefing paper examines how green trade and regional value chains can accelerate African industrialisation. It outlines opportunities within the AfCFTA and the African Green Industrialisation Initiative, emphasising the need for de-risking instruments, institutional capacity building, and new partnership frameworks to align international capital with Africa’s sustainable development goals.
Research
22 February 2026

First Street Research Library

First Street
The First Street Research Library provides transparent, peer-reviewed reports and climate risk data focused on flooding, fire, and heat. It helps finance professionals quantify physical risks and their economic impacts.
Resource hub

Landscape of Climate Finance in Latin America and the Caribbean

Climate Policy Initiative
The report assesses climate finance across Latin America and the Caribbean from 2020–2024. Finance doubled to US$108 billion but remains well below estimated needs and unevenly distributed. It examines public and private flows, mitigation and adaptation investment, financing constraints, and measures to mobilise capital and strengthen climate resilience.
Research
22 September 2026

Top-down Climate Finance Needs Data Dashboard

Climate Policy Initiative
Developed by the Climate Policy Initiative, this dashboard provides interactive visualisations of the global financial requirements for climate mitigation and adaptation, helping finance professionals quantify the investment gap.
Online tool/database
15 September 2024

Land GHG Monitoring System

World Resources Institute
A high-resolution geospatial monitoring system from Land & Carbon Lab and WRI that tracks global greenhouse gas emissions and removals across agriculture, forests, and soils to support corporate accounting and climate-smart land management.
Online tool/database
23 September 2026

Climate resilience, desertification and applied innovation report: A strategic framework for applied innovation in arid and climate-vulnerable regions

Israel Innovation Authority
This 2026 report establishes a strategic framework for climate resilience in arid regions. It examines technological solutions in water, agriculture, and energy, highlighting Israel's innovation ecosystem and Azerbaijan's renewable energy transition. The document advocates for integrated systems, cross-border cooperation, and robust governance to combat global desertification and land degradation.
Research
17 September 2026

The Quadripartite Joint Offer: A call for targeted One Health investment

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
This advocacy document calls for targeted investment in the One Health Joint Plan of Action. The Quadripartite collaboration proposes a Joint Offer to support at least ten countries over five years, strengthening governance, multisectoral coordination, and sustainable financing to prevent and control global health risks effectively.
Research
26 September 2025

Financial and economic returns to investing in One Health: Evidence and future directions

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations
This research examines the financial case for investing in One Health to mitigate global health threats. It highlights how integrated approaches reduce costs and improve efficiencies. Through various global case studies, the report demonstrates significant economic returns and provides a strategic blueprint for future sustainable investment.
Research
6 November 2026

Embracing carbon uncertainty in portfolio construction

Bank for International Settlements
This research introduces a framework for decarbonising sovereign bond portfolios using 'carbon returns'—treating emissions as random variables rather than deterministic values. By applying a modified Hierarchical Risk Parity algorithm with Expected Shortfall, it effectively balances financial and environmental goals, mitigating climate-related tail risks both in-sample and out-of-sample.
Research
16 June 2026

Energy transition index series

World Economic Forum
The Energy Transition Index is a benchmark series providing a structured, data-driven framework to assess national energy systems and track transition progress across 120 countries. It evaluates performance through security, equity, and sustainability lenses, alongside transition readiness factors, helping decision-makers identify gaps and understand the conditions required for resilience.
Benchmark/series
18 June 2026

UDB Currency Risk-Sharing Facility: Instrument design report

Climate Policy Initiative
The UDB Currency Risk-Sharing Facility manages foreign exchange risks for climate lending in Uganda. By combining partial hedging with tail-risk guarantees, it offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional instruments. This facility enables affordable local-currency financing while protecting the bank's balance sheet against significant Ugandan shilling depreciation.
Research
19 May 2026

Carbon Impacts Tracer

The Carbon Impacts Tracer is a scientific tool that links CO2 emissions from specific fossil fuel projects and companies to global warming impacts. It enables users to quantify climate consequences such as heat stress, crop loss, and coral degradation.
Online tool/database

Adaptbase Search

Adaptbase Search is an AI-powered knowledge base that structures climate adaptation data from global city plans. It allows finance professionals to track urban resilience investments, benchmark city responses to climate hazards, and verify adaptation claims through a standardised knowledge graph of actions and outcomes.
Online tool/database
1 September 2026

Realities of artisanal and small-scale copper and cobalt mining in Lualaba province, DRC

International Peace Information Service (IPIS)
IPIS and IBGDH mapped 51 artisanal copper and cobalt mines in Lualaba, DRC, employing an estimated 109,000 miners. The study finds few viable designated zones, cooperative elite capture, tension with industrial concessions, unsafe conditions, child labour and extortion by state agents, and recommends creating legal spaces for artisanal miners.
Research
21 September 2026
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