Library | ESG issues

Environmental

The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.

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Harmonized calculations methods for product carbon footprints and life cycle assessments in the mining and metals industry

This research presents methodological recommendations for harmonising product carbon footprint and life cycle assessment calculations across the mining and metals industry. Developed with the International Council on Mining and Metals, it establishes consistent guidelines for 17 aspects, including system boundaries, electricity modelling, and multi-output allocation procedures.
Research
11 March 2026

Regionalized characterization factors for microplastic emissions in life cycle assessment considering multimedia fate modelling

This research establishes regionalised characterisation factors for microplastic emissions across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. Using fate modelling aligned with USEtox, it evaluates 14 polymers and five size categories. Findings demonstrate that particle size and density significantly influence environmental persistence and subsequent impacts on global species richness.
Research
6 January 2026

ENCORE Insights: Country Dashboard

Global Canopy
The ENCORE Insights: Country Dashboard is an interactive tool that maps how national economies and sectors depend on nature. Developed by Global Canopy, it helps finance professionals and regulators assess macroeconomic risks associated with nature degradation and ecosystem service dependencies.
Online tool/database
10 December 2025

Ceres: Our work on energy affordability

Ceres
A Ceres initiative and playbook focused on curbing rising energy prices through clean energy expansion, providing policymakers and investors with strategies for a modern, efficient, and affordable energy system.
Resource hub
23 July 2026

Stewardship in the critical minerals value chain: Assessing sustainability performance and risks in Asia

Asia Investor Group on Climate Change (AIGCC)
This research examines sustainability risks in Asia’s critical minerals value chain, focusing on nickel, cobalt and copper. Utilising IRMA-aligned assessments and geospatial data, it highlights gaps between corporate policy and implementation, intensifying physical climate risks, and nature dependencies, providing actionable stewardship priorities for institutional investors in the region.
Research
15 June 2026

IEA Statistics Search

International Energy Agency (IEA)
The IEA Statistics Search is an authoritative data portal providing global energy analysis, projections, and historical statistics. It supports finance professionals in assessing energy market trends, ESG metrics, and investment risks during the clean energy transition.
Online tool/database

Southeast Asia nature risk toolkit: A resource for financial institutions

Global Canopy
A resource-hub and workbook designed by ENCORE partners to help financial institutions assess nature-related risks in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Viet Nam. It provides over 120 curated tools and datasets to support TNFD-aligned risk management and investment decisions.
Resource hub
1 June 2026

Tracking methane action in the dairy and coffee sector

Changing markets foundation
This benchmark series evaluates the progress of leading dairy and coffee companies in addressing methane emissions. It assesses corporate targets, disclosure practices, and reduction strategies within the food sector. The research provides a comparative analysis of industry performance against global climate commitments to encourage transparency and accountability.
Benchmark/series
1 May 2026

Tropical deforestation outlook: How market trends could impact the Amazon, the Congo Basin, and Southeast Asia-Oceania

Profundo
This report evaluates market drivers of tropical deforestation across the Amazon, Congo Basin, and Southeast Asia. It analyses impacts from transition minerals, food systems, and fast-turnover products. The document outlines transition pathways and provides policy recommendations to address global trade and consumer demand trends through 2035.
Research
8 October 2025

Tiny plastics big problem: The hidden risks of plastic pouches for baby food

Greenpeace
Greenpeace research identifies significant microplastic contamination in Danone and Nestlé baby food pouches. The report highlights the rapid market shift towards flexible plastic packaging, outstripping regulatory protections. It recommends a 75% reduction in plastic production by 2040 and urges manufacturers to prioritise non-toxic, reusable alternatives to protect infant health.
Research
19 May 2026

Global sustainable investment review series

Global Sustainable Investment Alliance
This benchmark series provides a factual mapping of the state of responsible and sustainable investment across major global financial markets. Produced biennially, it offers regional insights and policy recommendations to help finance professionals navigate evolving regulatory frameworks, standardised methodologies, and the transition to a net-zero economy through international cooperation.
Benchmark/series
6 November 2025

ICMA's guidance handbooks series

International Capital Market Association
This guidance series provides a comprehensive set of questions and answers regarding the application of the Green Bond Principles, Social Bond Principles, Sustainability Bond Guidelines, and Sustainability-Linked Bond Principles. It serves as a benchmark series for the sustainable bond market, promoting transparency and standardisation across various financial debt instruments.
Benchmark/series
18 June 2026

Corporate Health Check 2026: The annual state of Earth-positive business action

CDP
The CDP 2026 Corporate Health Check, produced with Oliver Wyman, demonstrates that environmental leadership aligns with financial performance. While a 15% leadership cohort achieves 4% annual emission reductions, a major gap persists in adaptation finance. The report identifies four key levers for building resilience and capturing emerging commercial opportunities.
Research
12 February 2026

Mobilising capital for India’s critical minerals sector

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
This report examines financing challenges in India's critical minerals sector across upstream, midstream, and recycling segments. It evaluates the National Critical Mineral Mission's role in addressing capital gaps and suggests de-risking projects to ensure commercial viability and support India’s energy transition goals through strategic policy and international partnerships.
Research
8 May 2026

Extraction to equity: Responsible finance and trade for critical minerals in Asia

Fair Finance Asia
The report examines critical mineral value chains across selected ASEAN countries, highlighting downstream processing ambitions alongside environmental, human rights and governance risks. It finds trade agreements lack adequate sustainability safeguards and recommends stronger due diligence, impact assessments, benefit-sharing, local value addition, transparency and sustainable finance taxonomies.
Research
13 July 2026

Regenerative agriculture: Moving from ambition to credibility

Farm Animal Investment Risk and Return (FAIRR)
This report evaluates regenerative agriculture commitments across 78 global agri-food companies. While disclosures have increased, quantified targets have declined to 28%. Significant gaps remain in financial support for farmers and pesticide reduction targets, with the pork and poultry sectors largely overlooked in transition planning.
Research
25 June 2026
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