Library | ESG issues

Environmental

The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.

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Global EV Outlook series

International Energy Agency (IEA)
This benchmark series monitors recent developments in electric mobility across the globe. Produced annually, the report examines deployment of vehicles and infrastructure, battery demand, and policy developments. It evaluates the implications of growing adoption for energy consumption and emissions across major and emerging markets.
Benchmark/series
19 May 2026

Global Methane Tracker 2026

International Energy Agency (IEA)
The International Energy Agency report analyses global energy-related methane emissions, highlighting 124 million tonnes emitted in 2025. It examines abatement strategies, satellite data advancements and policy trends. The research underscores that 30% of emissions could be reduced at no net cost, advocating for robust international standards and increased transparency.
Research
4 May 2026

Guarantees: From misdiagnosis to strategic deployment: Evidence from expert practitioner interviews

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This research examines why climate-aligned guarantees often fail to mobilise private capital effectively. It identifies structural misalignments within multilateral development banks and suggests that strategic deployment requires a move towards portfolio-based approaches, local-currency financing, and better risk layering to address specific investment constraints in emerging markets.
Research
28 May 2026

The Paris Agreement ten years later: Navigating climate uncertainty and tipping points

European Central Bank (ECB)
This research evaluates the Paris Agreement ten years on, highlighting critical implementation and ambition gaps. It identifies a triple-track crisis involving geophysical inertia, cognitive barriers, and policy lags. The report proposes a precautionary paradigm using technological and financial levers to navigate climate uncertainty and prevent irreversible tipping points.
Research
4 July 2016

How certain can we be about NGFS Climate Scenarios?

This research analyses uncertainty in Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) climate scenarios across four vintages and 254 variables. It finds that revisions to initial conditions and model recalibration often exceed scenario and model uncertainty, requiring cautious interpretation in financial risk assessments.
Research
9 July 2026

Clean economic corridors in Africa: Integrating energy, industry, and transport for low carbon growth

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
This report examines the development of integrated energy-industry-transport corridors in Africa to foster low-carbon growth. It details strategies for decarbonising logistics and manufacturing, particularly in steel and cement. By linking industrial hubs with renewable energy, African nations can enhance regional trade, competitiveness, and sustainable economic development.
Research
8 April 2026

Industrial policies for multi-stage production: The battle for battery-powered vehicles

National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
This research analyses industrial policies for the multi-stage electric vehicle supply chain. It evaluates consumer subsidies and local content requirements, finding that while protectionist measures expand domestic production, they can significantly increase costs and reduce overall adoption compared to unconditional subsidies that maximise scale economies.
Research
12 February 2026

Best practice transition plans for listed equity asset managers

Most listed equity managers now have a target. Fewer have a plan that shows how it will be met. By January 2024, 264 Net Zero Asset Managers signatories had had their targets reviewed. Method is no longer the hard part.
Article
4 September 2026

Disaster resilience scorecard for cities: Addendum for extreme heat risk management

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDDR)
An addendum to the Disaster Resilience Scorecard for Cities, this tool helps local governments assess and strengthen extreme heat risk management. It uses 18 indicators to evaluate governance, infrastructure, and financial planning to build long-term urban resilience against rising temperatures.
Online tool/database
5 November 2025

Global Nature Watch

World Resources Institute
Global Nature Watch is an AI-powered Earth monitoring platform developed by the World Resources Institute and Google. It provides near-real-time data on land-use changes across various ecosystems to support nature-based risk assessment and environmental reporting.
Online tool/database

Climate change mitigation and adaptation: What works for data centres? Part 3

EDHEC Business School
This report evaluates climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies for data centres using the ClimaTech database. It assesses the effectiveness of decarbonisation across three scopes and analyses resilience measures for flood, storm, heat, and wildfire risks, providing quantitative performance metrics for various technological solutions.
Research
8 April 2026

ASEAN sustainable finance state of the market series

Climate Bonds Initiative
This series by the Climate Bonds Initiative examines the development of sustainable finance markets across ASEAN. It covers green, social, sustainability and sustainability-linked debt instruments, alongside market structures, taxonomies, transition finance and policy developments supporting sustainable capital markets across the region.
Benchmark/series
9 May 2023

Climate-related disclosures: Insights from our reviews 2026

Financial Markets Authority (FMA)
This Financial Markets Authority report reviews 62 climate statements from the second reporting period in Aotearoa New Zealand. It identifies improvements in reporting structures but highlights gaps in physical risk analysis and assurance compliance. Future monitoring will focus on education to improve data substantiation and risk disclosure quality.
Research
26 May 2026

The climate premium on commercial real estate insurance

First Street
This report analyses rising insurance costs in the United States commercial real estate sector. It finds that premiums have surged 154% since 2017, driven by climate risk and reinsurance trends. High-risk markets face significant valuation erosion, with multi-family properties particularly impacted by increased financial burdens and pricing volatility.
Research
14 May 2026

Coller FAIRR seafood index methodology: May 2026

Farm Animal Investment Risk and Return (FAIRR)
The Coller FAIRR Seafood Index Methodology outlines the framework for assessing 20 global companies across 16 material topics. It details a bottom-up scoring process, ranging from 0 to 100, and a four-step production cycle. The index measures corporate maturity in response to environmental and social risks in the seafood industry.
Research
1 May 2026

A novel multilevel conceptual framework for flood risk governance

This research introduces a multilevel framework integrating flood hazard modelling, social vulnerability assessments, and risk communication. Designed for data-scarce environments, it addresses analytical silos by treating communication as a coequal component. The framework supports equitable decision-making through consequence-oriented risk surfaces and transparent uncertainty representation for municipal planning.
Research
27 April 2026
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