Library | ESG issues
Environmental
The environmental pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) assesses an organisation’s impact on the planet. It includes issues such as climate change, biodiversity, waste management and water management. Strong environmental practices help businesses reduce risks, comply with regulations, and drive long-term sustainability.
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Climate extremes, food price spikes, and their wider societal risks
The report links unprecedented climate extremes to sharp food price spikes, documenting recent global cases. It finds these shocks worsen inequality, food security, health outcomes, inflation volatility and political stability, and argues for stronger mitigation, adaptation, forecasting and social safety nets to manage rising systemic risks.
Sustainable Lithium-ion batteries: Investor briefing
This investor briefing outlines sustainability risks and opportunities across the lithium-ion battery value chain. It examines mineral extraction, processing, manufacturing and end-of-life impacts, highlights supply-chain concentration and ESG risks, and provides guidance on disclosure, engagement, circularity and responsible investment strategies.
The insurability imperative: Using insurance to navigate the climate transition
This report argues that insurability is a strategic indicator of financial viability in a climate-disrupted economy. It explains how insurance, risk modelling, resilience investment, and policy alignment shape access to capital, asset values, and transition finance, urging leaders to embed insurability into decision-making.
Information integrity about climate science: A systematic review
Systematic review of 300 studies (2015-2025) finds coordinated misinformation and greenwashing by corporate, political, and media actors undermine climate science, eroding trust and delaying policy. Research is Global North–centric. Evidence supports regulation, litigation, coalitions, and education to strengthen information integrity.
Chipping point: Tracking electricity consumption and emissions from AI chip manufacturing
The report estimates AI chip manufacturing electricity use rose from 218 GWh in 2023 to 984 GWh in 2024, driven by East Asian production. By 2030, demand could reach 11,550 - 37,238 GWh, sharply increasing emissions unless renewable electricity adoption accelerates.
Towards common criteria for sustainable fuels
This IEA report examines how common, transparent criteria for sustainable fuels could support decarbonisation. It compares existing standards, highlights inconsistencies in definitions, and proposes supply-chain greenhouse gas intensity as a basis for fair comparison and policy alignment.
Green industrial policy’s unfinished business: A publicly managed fossil fuel wind-down
The report argues that green industrial policy must actively manage a fossil fuel wind-down. It contends that renewables expansion alone is insufficient, calling for public planning, regulation, and ownership to ensure equitable decarbonisation and prevent fossil fuel liabilities shifting to the public.
Connecting planetary boundaries and planetary health: A resilient and stable earth system is crucial for human health
The Lancet comment argues that integrating planetary boundaries and planetary health frameworks is essential to protect human health. It outlines health risks from Earth system destabilisation, stresses justice and equity, and calls for coordinated research, policy alignment, and improved monitoring and communication.
Changing markets foundation
Changing Markets Foundation accelerates sustainability market shifts by exposing irresponsible corporate practices and promoting environmentally and socially beneficial solutions. Working with NGOs and research partners, it drives campaigns on climate, plastics, food systems and fashion to influence markets and public policy. It is an independent environmental advocacy nonprofit.
Global investor commission on mining 2030
Global Investor Commission on Mining 2030 is a collaborative, investor-led initiative defining a vision for a socially and environmentally responsible mining sector by 2030. It develops consensus on the role of finance, publishes strategic reports and recommendations, and engages stakeholders to address systemic mining risks and support sustainable investment and governance.
First Street
First Street Foundation is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) research and technology group that quantifies and communicates climate-related physical risk, including flooding, wildfire, wind, and heat, at the property level. It produces peer-reviewed climate risk models and tools to help individuals, governments and financial institutions understand and act on climate risk data.
Resilient LLP
Resilient LLP is a specialist climate change and clean energy law firm providing expert legal, policy and regulatory advice to public and private energy companies, governments, financial institutions and NGOs. It focuses on carbon markets, net-zero strategy, sustainable finance and Indigenous rights in the energy transition.
Climate Financial Risk Forum (CFRF)
Climate Financial Risk Forum (CFRF) is a UK financial services industry initiative, jointly established by Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) in 2019. CFRF brings senior leaders together to develop practical climate-related financial risk management guidance, tools and case studies for banks, insurers and asset managers.
Greenpeace East Asia
Greenpeace East Asia is a regional environmental campaigning organisation focused on climate change, toxic pollution, sustainable food, forests and ocean protection across East Asia. Active since 1997, it conducts research, advocacy and non-violent campaigns to influence policy and promote renewable energy and environmental sustainability.
Global facility for disaster reduction and recovery
Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) is a World Bank–hosted global partnership supporting disaster risk reduction and climate resilience. It provides funding, data, analytics and policy guidance to help governments manage natural hazards, reduce vulnerability, and build resilient development pathways worldwide.
Theia Finance Labs (formerly 2° Investing Initiative Germany)
Theia Finance Labs is a non-profit research and innovation organisation focused on climate finance and financial system transformation. It develops open research, tools and methodologies to assess climate alignment, transition risk and systemic change, supporting investors, policymakers and financial institutions to align markets with climate goals and sustainability objectives globally.