Library | ESG issues
Governance
The governance pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) refers to the systems, policies, and practices that ensure an organisation is managed responsibly and ethically. It includes issues such as board structure, reporting & disclosures, shareholders & voting, and risk management. Strong governance reduces risks, enhances trust, and supports long-term business sustainability.
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Limited impacts of shareholder pressure on climate strategy of fossil firms
This research examines shareholder pressure on US fossil fuel firms’ climate strategies. Using NLP to analyse 10-K filings and SEC regulatory changes, it finds limited impact on substantive reforms. Firms often employ symbolic disclosures or procedural tactics to resist decarbonisation, suggesting that mandatory policy is required for transition.
Collection of Open-Access CARMINE Publications
A comprehensive repository of open-access research and deliverables from the CARMINE project, providing advanced climate-risk assessment methodologies and case study data to support environmental resilience and informed financial risk analysis.
Reconsidering supply chains and industrial policy from the economic security perspective
This report analyses supply chain resilience and industrial policy through the lens of economic security. It evaluates market failures in supply chain investment, examines cases of Chinese economic coercion, and assesses Japanese semiconductor subsidies for TSMC and Rapidus, emphasizing the roles of diversification, existing industrial clusters, and international research collaboration.
Role of Japanese firms in the East Asian electronics industry: A supply chain network perspective
This research analyses Japan's position in the East Asian electronics supply chain using network science. While Japan remains a vital upstream supplier of components and equipment, its dominance in mainstream semiconductors has declined. Conversely, Japanese firms maintain strong leadership within automotive clusters and unique electronics-automation-utilities ecosystems.
Redirecting sovereign capital to accelerate Indonesia’s energy transition
This report examines Indonesia’s sovereign wealth fund, Danantara, and its role in the energy transition. It highlights the fiscal risks of subsidy-dependent energy SOEs and recommends a strategic shift towards renewables. Drawing on global SWF experiences, it advocates for portfolio diversification to ensure long-term profitability and national energy security.
AI systems at work: A changing psychosocial work environment
This International Labour Organization report examines the psychosocial risks of AI systems in workplaces. It identifies how algorithmic management and advanced robotics impact mental health, autonomy, and privacy. The paper advocates for integrated regulatory frameworks across labour law and safety standards to protect workers from emerging digital hazards.
Supporting just transitions through social protection: Key roles for philanthropy
This briefing paper explores how philanthropy can support just transitions to net zero through social protection. It examines the socio-economic risks of decarbonisation, identifies systemic coverage gaps, and highlights catalytic roles for philanthropic capital in capacity building, research, and policy alignment to ensure an inclusive transition.
Global South Climate Database
A searchable database maintained by Carbon Brief providing access to over 1,100 climate experts from the Global South. It enables finance professionals to connect with specialists in carbon markets, climate policy, and regional environmental risks across Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Climate Data Store (CDS)
The Climate Data Store (CDS) is an open-access platform providing authoritative climate datasets, including historical reanalysis and future projections. It enables finance professionals to assess physical climate risks, track greenhouse gas emissions, and integrate evidence-based environmental data into ESG reporting and investment analysis.
Leveraging copper for economic transformation: Policy choices for value addition in Zambia
This report examines strategies for Zambia to add value to its copper resources. It identifies expanding smelting and refining as immediate opportunities to increase annual exports by USD 3.7 billion by 2030. Success requires addressing binding constraints, primarily unreliable electricity, high finance costs, and trade logistics inefficiencies.
European state of the climate report series
The European State of the Climate is an annual flagship report series providing structured descriptions and analyses of climate conditions in Europe. Published by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the World Meteorological Organization, it evaluates Earth system variables and key climate events alongside policy actions for biodiversity.
Raw power: China locks-in global dominance of critical minerals and metals with $120bn outbound investment surge
This report details China's structural "Going Global" strategy, tracking over US$120 billion in outbound investment since 2023 to secure critical mineral supply chains. It examines China's refining dominance and provides strategic recommendations for Australian policymakers to build domestic value-adding capacity in the zero-emissions economy.
NGFS 2026 Nature Package
The NGFS 2026 Nature Package offers central banks and supervisors practical tools to integrate nature-related risks into financial stability assessments and macroeconomic modelling.
U.S. Fire Weather Historical Trends Data (1973-2025)
A dataset and analysis by Climate Central tracking fire weather trends across the U.S. from 1973 to 2025. It helps users understand the increasing frequency of high heat and low humidity conditions that drive wildfire risk.
The microstructure of AI diffusion: Evidence from firms, business functions, and worker tasks
This research examines AI diffusion through US firms, distinguishing between organisational adoption and worker-level use. While adoption is growing, it remains concentrated in large, knowledge-intensive sectors. Findings indicate AI primarily augments worker tasks, with capital substitution being more prevalent than labour displacement at this stage of technological integration.
Automation, learning, and career dynamics
This research examines how automating technology affects white-collar career dynamics and human capital. It identifies a potential 'human-capital trap' where automation reduces entry-level learning. The paper recommends targeted taxes on automation and subsidies for task-frontier expansion to maintain long-term welfare and professional skill development.
