Library | ESG issues

Governance

The governance pillar in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) refers to the systems, policies, and practices that ensure an organisation is managed responsibly and ethically. It includes issues such as board structure, reporting & disclosures, shareholders & voting, and risk management. Strong governance reduces risks, enhances trust, and supports long-term business sustainability.

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Planetary health check series

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)
The Planetary Health Check is an annual benchmark series providing a consistent, science-based assessment of the Earth system. It applies the Planetary Boundaries framework to monitor planetary stability, resilience, and life-support functions, supporting comparability over time and informing policy, finance, and strategic decision-making and Planetary Boundaries Science is a research lab within the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), focused on advancing scientific understanding of the planetary boundaries framework. It does not operate as an independent organisation and should be covered under PIK’s institutional profile.
Benchmark/series
5 November 2025

Voices of Aotearoa: Demand for ethical investment in New Zealand series

Mindful Money
This annual research series examines public attitudes, expectations and behaviours relating to ethical, responsible and impact investing in New Zealand. It tracks how consumers engage with investment choices, transparency, fund practices and adviser interactions, providing a consistent evidence base to monitor evolving demand over time.
Benchmark/series
7 April 2025

State of global water resources series

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
The State of Global Water Resources is an annual benchmark series produced by the World Meteorological Organization. It provides a consistent, global overview of freshwater conditions across key components of the hydrological cycle, supporting comparative assessment and decision-making across regions and time.
Benchmark/series
18 September 2025

Crushed series

Safe in India (SII)
CRUSHED is a longitudinal research series by the Safe in India Foundation assessing worker safety in India’s automotive manufacturing and supplier ecosystem. Drawing on annual field evidence across multiple years, the series tracks workplace conditions, governance practices, and enforcement gaps to support consistent analysis over time.
Benchmark/series
12 July 2025

MIT Center for Transportation & Logistics

Academic Institutions
MIT Center for Transportation & Logistics (MIT CTL) is a research centre advancing supply chain management, logistics and transportation systems.Based at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, it produces applied research, executive education and industry partnerships focused on resilience, sustainability, digital innovation and global supply chain performance across sectors worldwide today.
Organisation
1 research item

European Centre for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights is an independent human rights organisation using strategic litigation and legal advocacy to advance accountability worldwide. ECCHR works on business and human rights, international crimes, migration, and democratic freedoms, producing casework, research, and public interventions for courts, policymakers, and civil society globally.
Organisation

The state of the climate series

This benchmark series provides concise annual assessments of the global climate, using consistent scientific indicators to monitor environmental conditions, human pressures, and system responses. It is designed to support structured analysis and comparison over time for researchers, policymakers, and finance and sustainability professionals.
Benchmark/series
8 October 2024

Peoples' climate vote series

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
The Peoples’ Climate Vote is a global survey series capturing public perspectives on climate change, policy priorities and collective action. Led by international institutions, it provides a consistent framework to understand how people experience climate impacts and how they expect governments, businesses and global actors to respond.
Benchmark/series
13 August 2024

Banking on climate chaos series

Banking on Climate Chaos Coalition (BOCC)
The Banking on Climate Chaos is a multi-year research series assessing how major global banks finance fossil fuel activities. It provides a consistent framework to review lending and underwriting linked to fossil fuels and expansion, supporting year-on-year comparison and broader analysis of banking practices.
Benchmark/series
26 June 2025

Endowment impact benchmark series

Intentional Endowments Network
The Endowment Impact Benchmark is a benchmark series that provides a structured assessment and benchmarking framework for endowments and foundations. It evaluates policies, governance, management and transparency related to sustainable and impact investing, enabling consistent comparison and ongoing progress tracking across participating institutions.
Benchmark/series
21 February 2025

Net zero atlas series

FTSE Russell
The COP Net Zero Atlas is an annual research series examining transition and physical climate risks across major economies. It provides a structured framework to assess national climate commitments, policy pathways and exposure to climate hazards, supporting comparative analysis for investors and policymakers.
Benchmark/series
1 November 2024

State of the global climate series

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
The State of the Global Climate is an annual benchmark series produced by the World Meteorological Organization that synthesises authoritative observations across the climate system, including the atmosphere, oceans and cryosphere, to provide a consistent, comparable evidence base for global climate monitoring, policy analysis and long-term assessment.
Benchmark/series
16 December 2025

State and trends of carbon pricing series

The World Bank
The State and Trends of Carbon Pricing series provides an annual, global overview of carbon pricing policies and carbon markets. It reviews the development and structure of carbon taxes, emissions trading systems, and crediting mechanisms to support policy, regulatory, and market analysis.
Benchmark/series
16 June 2025

Measuring companies’ environmental and social impacts: An analysis of ESG ratings and SDG scores

This study compares ESG ratings with SDG scores across major providers. It finds little correlation. SDG scores align with investor exclusions and EU Taxonomy assessments, while ESG ratings largely measure financial risk exposure, not real-world environmental or social impacts.
Research
4 April 2025

Climate risk self-assessment survey series

Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
This series presents APRA’s Climate Risk Self-Assessment Surveys, which review how APRA-regulated entities approach governance, risk management, metrics, targets and disclosure of climate-related financial risks. It provides a consistent, periodic view of industry practices and alignment with prudential guidance over time.
Benchmark/series
12 November 2024

World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a United Nations specialised agency coordinating global cooperation on weather, climate, hydrology and related environmental services. WMO sets international standards, publishes authoritative climate and weather reports, supports early warning systems, and strengthens climate resilience, risk management and scientific data sharing worldwide, across governments and communities.
Organisation
2 research items
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