Library | ESG issues

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere and drive climate change. Reducing emissions is vital to mitigating global warming risks and aligning with climate targets like the Paris Agreement, influencing long-term corporate and investment strategies.

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Oxford university press

Academic Institutions
Oxford University Press (OUP) is a global academic and educational publisher. It operates as a department of the University of Oxford, producing textbooks, scholarly works, English language resources and reference works. OUP emphasises digital innovation, sustainability commitments, and broad international reach in research and education.
Organisation
1 research item

MDPI

Academic Institutions
MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) is a Swiss-based publisher of open access, peer-reviewed journals, established in 1996. MDPI publishes over 470 academic journals across science, technology and medicine, with authors covering article processing charges to enable unrestricted global access.
Organisation
2 research items

ESG and financial performance: Uncovering the relationship by aggregating evidence from 1,000 plus studies published between 2015 – 2020

NYU Stern Center for Sustainable Business
This report summarises over 1,000 studies (2015–2020) and finds that most show a positive relationship between ESG and financial performance. ESG integration and long-term strategies tend to enhance returns and risk management, while disclosure alone has limited financial impact.
Research
2 November 2021

Rockefeller Capital Management

Commercial Research Providers
Rockefeller Capital Management (RockCo) delivers wealth management, asset management and investment banking services grounded in the Rockefeller legacy. Serving individuals, families and institutions, RockCo emphasises bespoke financial solutions, generational wealth planning and strategic advisory — combining innovation with long-standing trust.
Organisation
1 research item

Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI) is a Japanese policy think tank founded in 2001. RIETI conducts theoretical and empirical economic research, bridges academe and government, and offers evidence-based trade, industry and economic policy recommendations.
Organisation
1 research item

London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)

Academic Institutions
London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a global research university specialising in economics, politics, law, social policy and data science. Based in London, LSE offers undergraduate, graduate and executive degrees, and leads in social science research, public policy impact and global academic partnerships.
Organisation
2 research items

NYU Stern Center for Sustainable Business

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
NYU Stern’s Center for Sustainable Business (CSB) conducts applied research, education and engagement to embed environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices into core business strategy. It helps leaders quantify sustainability’s financial value, offers executive certificates, and develops tools to assess materiality and carbon impact.
Organisation
1 research item

Morgan Stanley Wealth Management

Commercial Organisations
Morgan Stanley Wealth Management provides financial advice, investment strategies, and portfolio management for individuals, families, and institutions. Its services include retirement planning, sustainable investing, and access to global market insights. Morgan Stanley combines advanced digital tools with expert guidance to help clients achieve long-term financial goals and preserve wealth across generations.
Organisation
1 research item

Exit versus voice

This report summarises research comparing the effectiveness of “exit” strategies, such as divestment and boycotts, with “voice” strategies, such as shareholder engagement, in influencing corporate behaviour. It concludes that when most investors are even slightly socially responsible, engagement leads to socially optimal outcomes, whereas exit rarely does and can reduce welfare.
Research
28 October 2022

Evaluation project on the effects of engagement

Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF)
The report by Japan’s Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) evaluates how engagement by external asset managers has affected investee companies from 2017–2022. Using causal inference analysis across over 26,000 engagements, it finds positive links between engagement and improvements in corporate value, governance, decarbonisation, and diversity.
Research
27 June 2024

Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
Government Pension Investment Fund (GPIF) is an independent administrative institution in Japan. It manages and invests pension reserve funds under Japan’s Employees’ Pension Insurance and National Pension Acts. GPIF seeks long-term, diversified returns while emphasising ESG investment and stewardship in public pension finance.
Organisation
1 research item

ESG shareholder engagement and downside risk

Oxford university press
This study analyses whether investor engagement on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues reduces firms’ downside risk. Using data from 1,443 engagements with 485 global firms (2005–2018), it finds that successful engagements, particularly on environmental and climate issues, significantly lower downside risk and related environmental incidents.
Research
6 March 2024

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)

Government Sponsored / Multilateral Organisations
UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is a UN intergovernmental body that supports developing countries in trade, investment, finance and technology. It delivers data-driven policy analysis, technical cooperation and global consensus building to help countries integrate into the world economy and advance sustainable development.
Organisation
1 research item

Global outlook on financing for sustainable development 2025: Towards a more resilient and inclusive architecture

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
This report summarises global financing trends for sustainable development, noting investment gaps in developing economies, heightened debt vulnerabilities, and the need for coordinated reforms. It highlights the importance of blended finance, resilience-building, and aligning the international financial architecture to better support inclusive and sustainable growth.
Research
7 February 2025

Integrating Nature into Finance: Laying the foundations to expand the Australian Sustainable Finance Taxonomy to drive positive environmental outcomes in the agriculture and land sectors

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)
This report summarises how Australia’s Sustainable Finance Taxonomy could be expanded to agriculture, forestry and land management, proposing draft criteria for biodiversity protection, sustainable water use, and pollution control. It aligns with global biodiversity goals to guide investment and lending that support nature-positive outcome.
Research
9 September 2025

Drawdown Explorer

Project Drawdown
Drawdown Explorer is an interactive platform that catalogues climate mitigation solutions, ranking them by their emissions impact, cost, and readiness.
Online tool/database
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