Library | ESG issues

Renewables

Renewable energy is derived from naturally replenished sources like solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and tidal energy. Transitioning to renewables reduces greenhouse gas emissions, presenting opportunities for the finance industry through growing demand, technological advancements, and alignment with long-term sustainability goals.

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Advancing women’s economic opportunities in the solar energy sector

ODI Global
This report examines women's underrepresentation in the solar photovoltaics sector, highlighting barriers like gender norms, skills gaps, and workplace culture. It identifies emerging solutions, including holistic training, inclusive recruitment practices, and structural support for care and mobility to enhance women's economic opportunities and participation in the renewable energy transition.
Research
14 September 2026

Financing battery energy storage systems in Indonesia

International Energy Agency (IEA)
This report analyses financing requirements for 9.6 GW of battery energy storage in Indonesia’s RUPTL 2025-2034. Total investment needs reach USD 5 billion. It evaluates business models and the role of concessional funding in bridging bankability gaps for standalone and hybrid projects across various island systems.
Research
21 September 2026

Indian states’ electricity transition (SET) 2026

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
This report evaluates 21 Indian states across decarbonisation, power ecosystem readiness, and market enablers. It identifies regional leaders like Karnataka and Delhi while highlighting structural gaps. Recommendations focus on strengthening distribution company finances, implementing smart metering, and scaling energy storage to support India's target of 500 gigawatts of non-fossil capacity.
Research
23 February 2026

Pakistan’s next power chapter: From solar success to system reform

Carbon Trust
Pakistan faces a critical turning point in its energy transition following a massive distributed solar boom. This report explores strategic pathways for system reform, addressing circular debt, transmission constraints, and a young coal fleet. It recommends a hybrid model modernising the national grid while integrating decentralised solar and storage.
Research
14 May 2026

Building fast. Falling short. Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction 2025–2026

United Nations Environment Programme
The 2025–2026 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction examines the sector's slow progress toward net-zero targets. Despite rising floor area and investment, building emissions and energy intensity remain off track. The report recommends urgent fossil-fuel phase-outs, upgraded building codes, and increased renewable energy deployment to meet 2030 milestones.
Research
18 May 2026

Morocco: Country private sector diagnostic

The World Bank
This World Bank Group report identifies policy actions to unlock private investment in Morocco's decentralised solar, low-carbon textiles, argan oil, and marine aquaculture sectors. It estimates these sectors could collectively catalyse US$7.4 billion in investment and create 166,000 jobs through targeted regulatory reforms and infrastructure improvements.
Research
9 March 2026

Renewables, electrification and flexibility: For a competitive EU energy system transformation by 2030

European Environment Agency (EEA)
This European Environment Agency report outlines the transformation required to achieve a sustainable EU energy system by 2030. It prioritises renewables-based electrification, flexibility, and energy efficiency across electricity, heating, and transport subsystems to enhance competitiveness, security, and progress towards 2050 climate neutrality goals.
Research
27 May 2025

Fossil Free Web 2026

A report and data resource by the Green Web Foundation tracking the internet's transition to green energy. It highlights the environmental impact of AI and hyperscale data centres.
Online tool/database
1 April 2026

European electricity review 2026

In 2025, EU wind and solar generation surpassed fossil fuels for the first time, reaching a 30% share. Despite record solar growth, gas usage rose due to lower hydroelectric output. The report highlights accelerating battery deployment and offers policy recommendations for grid flexibility and electrification to enhance energy security.
Research
22 January 2026

Circular economy perspectives in solar value chains: Circular business models for photovoltaic and solar water heating systems

United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
This report examines transition strategies for solar value chains, focusing on circular business models for photovoltaic and solar water heating systems. It explores lifecycle management, modular design, and policy frameworks needed to manage projected cumulative solar waste of 60–78 million tonnes by 2050 while recovering critical materials.
Research
25 March 2026

Role of distributed resources in energy transition: A multi-country perspective

Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA)
This report evaluates distributed energy resources across Australia, India and Bangladesh. It examines rooftop solar and battery uptake, highlighting their role in reducing fossil fuel reliance and grid demand. The analysis provides country-specific recommendations to overcome regulatory barriers, improve financing access and ensure an equitable energy transition.
Research
27 August 2026

Renewable electrification as a means of transitioning away from fossil fuels: From commitment to implementation at COP31

Germanwatch
This report evaluates renewable-based electrification as a pillar for transitioning away from fossil fuels. It proposes the ‘35 by 35’ target, analyses progress in five key countries, and outlines action priorities for COP31. The focus is on integrating renewables, efficiency, and equitable finance to accelerate global decarbonisation.
Research
7 September 2026

Wholesale Impact Funds Directory

Mindful Money
A directory of New Zealand wholesale impact investment funds targeting social and environmental goals. It identifies specialist managers across climate solutions, affordable housing and renewable infrastructure.
Resource hub
10 December 2021

Metals-as-a-Service economic analysis: Comparing the MAAS and linear business models in the context of a wind project

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This research compares Metals-as-a-Service (MaaS) and linear business models in onshore wind projects. It finds that MaaS improves risk-adjusted performance, increasing project internal rate of return to 19.94% and reducing levelised cost of energy by 15%. The analysis assesses financial viability and risk mitigation strategies for stakeholders.
Research
7 May 2026

Energy transition index series

World Economic Forum
The Energy Transition Index is a benchmark series providing a structured, data-driven framework to assess national energy systems and track transition progress across 120 countries. It evaluates performance through security, equity, and sustainability lenses, alongside transition readiness factors, helping decision-makers identify gaps and understand the conditions required for resilience.
Benchmark/series
18 June 2026

Powering up: Business perspectives on electrification

A global survey of 1,994 business leaders across 18 markets reveals overwhelming support for clean electrification. While 90% expect largely electric operations by 2035 to improve energy security and competitiveness, 72% believe government policy is moving too slowly, citing grid constraints and high upfront costs as significant barriers.
Research
13 June 2026
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