Library | ESG issues

Reporting & Disclosures

Reporting and disclosures provide transparency on a company’s financial performance, strategy, and sustainability practices. Clear, reliable disclosures improve stakeholder trust, inform investment decisions, and drive corporate accountability.

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How can businesses thrive in a sustainable economy?

How can businesses thrive while still respecting planetary boundaries and meeting the essential needs of all people? This report provides a framework for businesses to transition to sustainable models by addressing unsustainable characteristics and adopting regenerative and distributive practices. The report highlights examples of businesses implementing these strategies and provides a Sustainable Business Model Canvas for businesses and investors to assess alignment with a sustainable economy.
Research
22 February 2023

Aggregate confusion: the divergence of ESG ratings

MIT Sloan School of Management
The research investigates the disagreement in Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) ratings between rating providers. Three factors are identified: measurement divergence, scope divergence and weight divergence. The paper argues for a standardisation of ESG indicators and measurement procedures to reduce the discrepancy in ESG ratings.
Research
15 August 2019

Integrating nature: The case for action on nature-related financial risks

Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
The Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership (CISL) has written this paper to equip senior management within financial institutions to integrate nature-related risks into financial decisions. The paper details why action needs to be taken and the steps to accelerate the integration of nature into finance.
Research
7 April 2022

Building peace and prosperity: What business can do

United Nations Global Compact
A brief look at the policies and actions stakeholders can do to confront and prevent violent conflict in high-risk areas. Actions are laid out for businesses, governments, the United Nations, investment community, and civil society. Multi-stakeholder initiatives to support building and investing in peace are presented.
Research
19 September 2018

Taking the carbon out of credit: An integrated approach to removing climate emissions from lending

Climate Safe Lending Network
This report makes a complete case for banks and lending institutions to avoid further damaging of the climate. It provides both justification for why this is an important financial undertaking, and principles for how to go about and do it.
Research
20 July 2020

Guide for responsible corporate engagement in climate policy: A Caring for Climate report

United Nations Global Compact
A 2013 report on the business community's engagement with climate change, and the best way for companies to implement policies that ensure greenhouse gas emissions are reduced whilst supporting the global economy. The report sets guidelines for why and how companies can provide constructive influences on public policy.
Research
15 November 2013

Tracking the transition

Asia Research & Engagement (ARE)
This report examines the impact of China’s coal-fired power companies, and their inaction in responding to climate change. The report presents China’s six largest listed power companies and their associated CO2 emissions, as well as recommendations for investors to act on.
Research
3 October 2019

ESG: Hyperboles and reality

Harvard Business School
An analysis drawing on a decade of environmental, social and governance (ESG) research to discuss theories of influence, the relationship between ESG and corporate value, and the usefulness of ESG assessments and ratings. The report aims to debunk myths associated with ESG as a commonly used evaluation within businesses and society.
Research
19 November 2021

Guidance on Sustainability-Linked Loan Principles

Asia Pacific Loan Market Association (APLMA)
The Sustainability-Linked Loan Principles (SLLP) were originally published in 2019 and provide a framework to what is recognised as an increasingly important area of finance. A sustainability-linked loan is one that incentivises borrowers to improve sustainability performance targets. This guidance note should be read alongside the SLLP.
Research
30 March 2022

Sustainability-linked loan principles

Asia Pacific Loan Market Association (APLMA)
The Sustainability-Linked Loan Principles (SLLP), originated in 2019 to provide a framework for this growing area of finance. This summary reviews the SLLP and its five core components. The SLLP have been developed by an experienced working party consisting of representatives from leading financial institutions.
Research
16 March 2022

Greenwashing risks in asset management: Staying one step ahead

Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited (Deloitte)
The practice of greenwashing is a key regulatory concern in the UK, EU and globally. Greenwashing involves making misleading statements about sustainable products. This report examines how greenwashing occurs and the regulatory initiatives that have emerged to combat this. The report provides five steps firms can take to prevent greenwashing.
Research
3 May 2022

Australian Securities Exchange

Commercial Organisations
Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) operates Australia's primary securities exchange. ASX uses technology to develop innovative, globally attractive solutions for customers, and creates value for ASX shareholders. ASX operates liquid, robust, reliable markets and is overseen by local and international regulators. ASX is one of the world’s top-10 listed exchange groups measured by market capitalisation.
Organisation

Sustainability Policy Transparency Toolkit (SPOTT)

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
SPOTT is a free, online platform assessing commodity producers, processors and traders on their public disclosure regarding their organisation, policies, and practices related to environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues. Investors, buyers and others can use SPOTT assessments to inform stakeholder engagement, manage ESG risk, and increase transparency across industries.
Organisation

Plastic Disclosure Project

Issue Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Plastic Disclosure Project (PDP) is a multi-stakeholder, investor-supported global initiative to encourage the world's organisations to measure their annual plastic use and waste. With measurement, organisations can develop innovative strategies to efficiently use plastic, seize opportunities and avoid risks, all while reducing their environmental impact.
Organisation

SDG bonds and corporate finance: A roadmap to mainstream investments

United Nations Global Compact
This report describes how a market for mainstream investments that contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), could be created with enough liquidity, scale, and diversification, to attract a range of investors. It inspires and guides companies, governments, and cities, to benefit from better funding while implementing the Paris Goals.
Research
22 November 2018

Global Governance Principles

International Corporate Governance Network (ICGN)
The Global Governance Principles (GGPs) from the International Corporate Governance Network (ICGN) are corporate governance standards that act as a framework for well-governed companies to follow. The GGPs are widely applicable, irrespective of national legislative frameworks or listing rules.
Research
2 September 2021
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