Library | ESG issues

Targets & Accountability

Targets and accountability are essential for ensuring organisations and governments follow through on commitments to sustainability, climate action, and social responsibility. Setting measurable and transparent targets such as net-zero goals, emissions reductions, diversity benchmarks, and human rights protections allows for tracking progress and holding entities accountable. Clear, data-driven targets strengthen stakeholder trust and help align financial and business strategies with long-term sustainability objectives.

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Transforming global finance for climate action: Addressing misaligned incentives and unlocking opportunities

Global Sustainable Investment Alliance
The report identifies systemic barriers preventing the flow of capital to climate-positive projects. It introduces the PIVOT framework, outlining policy vacuum, misaligned incentives, valuation challenges, inactive ownership, and transition misalignment. The report provides actionable solutions for policymakers, investors, and stakeholders to align finance with the Paris Agreement.
Research
14 November 2024

Adapt now: A global call for leadership on climate resilience

World Resources Institute
The report highlights the urgent need for global climate adaptation. It presents evidence and solutions across key sectors—food, water, infrastructure, cities, and finance—emphasising economic benefits, social equity, and environmental preservation. This call to action seeks transformative planning, finance mobilisation, and inclusive leadership for a resilient future.
Research
14 September 2019

Fiscal policy and sustainable finance: Enhancing the role of the financial sector in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Asian Development Bank (ADB)
The report explores how fiscal policy can mobilise private sector finance for sustainable development in Asia-Pacific. It emphasises green guarantees, subsidies, and roadmaps, showcasing ASEAN+3 successes in aligning fiscal policy with climate action to attract private investment and encourage sustainable economic activities.
Research
13 June 2024

Topo Finance

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Topo Finance is a non-profit organisation dedicated to transforming the financial sector into a force for creating a more climate-safe and just world. They provide free advisory and consulting services to help companies align their financial management with environmental and social objectives. Additionally, Topo Finance develops pioneering research and publicly available tools to illuminate the hidden link between finances and climate change, enabling individuals and organisations to maximise the positive impact of their finances.
Organisation
1 research item

Global partnerships case study: Measuring and managing financial inclusion outcomes

Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP)
This case study explores how Global Partnerships adopts outcomes-focused impact measurement and management (IMM) practices. It highlights the importance of tracking both development and intermediate outcomes in financial inclusion to ensure investments genuinely benefit underserved populations and achieve measurable social impact while mitigating potential risks.
Research
19 October 2024

Partnership for Biodiversity Accounting Financials (PBAF)

Finance / Corporate Focused NGOs & Think Tanks
Partnership for Biodiversity Accounting Financials (PBAF) is dedicated to advancing biodiversity measurement and valuation in finance. By uniting stakeholders, PBAF aims to enhance biodiversity integration into financial decision-making. The organisation fosters collaboration and provides resources to promote sustainable investment strategies that contribute to global biodiversity goals and accountability in the financial sector.
Organisation

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI)

Australian Sustainable Finance Institute (ASFI) works to transform the finance sector by integrating sustainability into financial decision-making. It collaborates with stakeholders to develop frameworks, tools, and resources that enhance the understanding of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. ASFI aims to facilitate investment aligned with sustainable development goals.
Organisation
2 research items

WWF water risk filter

World Wide Fund for Nature (World Wildlife Fund – WWF)
The WWF Water Risk Filter is an online tool that helps businesses and investors assess, understand, and respond to water-related risks globally. It offers comprehensive data, including customised risk assessments and mitigation strategies, enabling informed decision-making to manage water risks effectively.
Online tool/database

Understanding the drivers of investment portfolio decarbonisation

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
The report discusses emissions attribution analysis for net-zero investment portfolios. It highlights key decarbonisation drivers, including portfolio reallocation, real-world emissions reductions, and changes in data coverage. The analysis helps financial professionals understand and steer investment strategies toward decarbonisation, aligning with climate goals set by the UN-convened Net-Zero Asset Owner Alliance.
Research
11 December 2023

Climate allocation compass, a framework for real-world decarbonization (Compass-FRWD)

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This report presents a multi-asset class decarbonisation framework aimed at bridging the global climate investment gap and guiding financial institutions in capital allocation strategies to decarbonise the real economy. The framework includes steps to set emission reduction targets, allocate capital accordingly, and monitor progress using metrics like the Net Zero Deviation Index (NZDI), while emphasising collaboration with policymakers and stakeholders.
Research
15 October 2024

The new disclosure landscape - Comparing sustainability standards and regulations: ESRS, IFRS S1/S2, SEC Climate Rule, and CA SB 253/261

ERM SustainAbility Institute
This report compares major sustainability disclosure regulations, including the ESRS, IFRS S1/S2, SEC Climate Rule, and California’s SB 253/261. It provides an overview of their scope, implementation timelines, reporting requirements, and penalties, helping companies understand the complex landscape and align disclosures across multiple frameworks to reduce compliance burdens and enhance transparency.
Research
16 September 2024

Finance for nature positive: Building a working model

Finance for Biodiversity Foundation
The paper seeks feedback from the financial sector on a proposed model for aligning finance with nature-positive outcomes. It provides strategies and definitions aimed at guiding financial institutions in contributing to global biodiversity goals, helping to mitigate negative impacts while supporting nature-positive financial practices. The paper outlines key actions financial institutions can take to improve biodiversity outcomes.
Research
23 September 2024

Investment framework for nutrition 2024

The World Bank
This is a comprehensive guide to addressing malnutrition. It emphasises cost-effective interventions, multisectoral approaches, and policy measures that integrate gender and climate change considerations. Expanding on the 2017 framework, it includes new evidence on interventions and financing strategies to improve nutrition outcomes globally, while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2.2.
Research
2 October 2024

Setting sail: Target setting in the sustainable blue economy

United Nations Environment Programme
This report provides a manual to guide financial institutions in implementing target-setting practices within the blue economy. It outlines the principles of sustainable finance, focusing on sectors like seafood and aquaculture. The document includes guidance for creating actionable targets, monitoring progress, and integrating environmental and social risks, with case studies and examples for practical application.
Research
16 February 2024

Reporting framework for the Sustainable Blue Economy Finance Initiative

United Nations Environment Programme
This framework outlines the reporting requirements for signatories to the Sustainable Blue Economy Finance Principles. It provides guidelines on what to report, how to report, and the annual reporting process. This framework supports transparency and accountability, with a focus on actions, targets, and governance structures aligned with sustainable blue economy principles.
Research
21 April 2023

Investing in natural capital: Innovations supporting much-needed financing for nature

World Economic Forum
The report highlights the growing importance of natural capital in economic and environmental sustainability. It emphasises technological advances, innovative financial instruments, and new business models that support nature-positive investments. The report also presents case studies showcasing successful projects aimed at preserving biodiversity and scaling investments in natural capital through innovative financing mechanisms and technology-driven solutions.
Research
24 September 2024
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