Library | ESG issues

Targets & Accountability

Targets and accountability are essential for ensuring organisations and governments follow through on commitments to sustainability, climate action, and social responsibility. Setting measurable and transparent targets such as net-zero goals, emissions reductions, diversity benchmarks, and human rights protections allows for tracking progress and holding entities accountable. Clear, data-driven targets strengthen stakeholder trust and help align financial and business strategies with long-term sustainability objectives.

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WWF water risk filter

World Wide Fund for Nature (World Wildlife Fund – WWF)
The WWF Water Risk Filter is an online tool that helps businesses and investors assess, understand, and respond to water-related risks globally. It offers comprehensive data, including customised risk assessments and mitigation strategies, enabling informed decision-making to manage water risks effectively.
Online tool/database

Understanding the drivers of investment portfolio decarbonisation

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
The report discusses emissions attribution analysis for net-zero investment portfolios. It highlights key decarbonisation drivers, including portfolio reallocation, real-world emissions reductions, and changes in data coverage. The analysis helps financial professionals understand and steer investment strategies toward decarbonisation, aligning with climate goals set by the UN-convened Net-Zero Asset Owner Alliance.
Research
11 December 2023

Climate allocation compass, a framework for real-world decarbonization (Compass-FRWD)

Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment
This report presents a multi-asset class decarbonisation framework aimed at bridging the global climate investment gap and guiding financial institutions in capital allocation strategies to decarbonise the real economy. The framework includes steps to set emission reduction targets, allocate capital accordingly, and monitor progress using metrics like the Net Zero Deviation Index (NZDI), while emphasising collaboration with policymakers and stakeholders.
Research
15 October 2024

The new disclosure landscape - Comparing sustainability standards and regulations: ESRS, IFRS S1/S2, SEC Climate Rule, and CA SB 253/261

ERM SustainAbility Institute
This report compares major sustainability disclosure regulations, including the ESRS, IFRS S1/S2, SEC Climate Rule, and California’s SB 253/261. It provides an overview of their scope, implementation timelines, reporting requirements, and penalties, helping companies understand the complex landscape and align disclosures across multiple frameworks to reduce compliance burdens and enhance transparency.
Research
16 September 2024

Finance for nature positive: Building a working model

Finance for Biodiversity Foundation
The paper seeks feedback from the financial sector on a proposed model for aligning finance with nature-positive outcomes. It provides strategies and definitions aimed at guiding financial institutions in contributing to global biodiversity goals, helping to mitigate negative impacts while supporting nature-positive financial practices. The paper outlines key actions financial institutions can take to improve biodiversity outcomes.
Research
23 September 2024

Investment framework for nutrition 2024

The World Bank
This is a comprehensive guide to addressing malnutrition. It emphasises cost-effective interventions, multisectoral approaches, and policy measures that integrate gender and climate change considerations. Expanding on the 2017 framework, it includes new evidence on interventions and financing strategies to improve nutrition outcomes globally, while aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2.2.
Research
2 October 2024

Setting sail: Target setting in the sustainable blue economy

United Nations Environment Programme
This report provides a manual to guide financial institutions in implementing target-setting practices within the blue economy. It outlines the principles of sustainable finance, focusing on sectors like seafood and aquaculture. The document includes guidance for creating actionable targets, monitoring progress, and integrating environmental and social risks, with case studies and examples for practical application.
Research
16 February 2024

Reporting framework for the Sustainable Blue Economy Finance Initiative

United Nations Environment Programme
This framework outlines the reporting requirements for signatories to the Sustainable Blue Economy Finance Principles. It provides guidelines on what to report, how to report, and the annual reporting process. This framework supports transparency and accountability, with a focus on actions, targets, and governance structures aligned with sustainable blue economy principles.
Research
21 April 2023

Investing in natural capital: Innovations supporting much-needed financing for nature

World Economic Forum
The report highlights the growing importance of natural capital in economic and environmental sustainability. It emphasises technological advances, innovative financial instruments, and new business models that support nature-positive investments. The report also presents case studies showcasing successful projects aimed at preserving biodiversity and scaling investments in natural capital through innovative financing mechanisms and technology-driven solutions.
Research
24 September 2024

The effect of pricing instruments on CO2 emissions: Empirical evidence from Australia

The World Bank
The report evaluates Australia's short-lived carbon tax and renewable energy policies. It finds a 7% per capita emissions reduction from 2009 to 2018, with effects weakening after policy repeal. Coal exports increased during this period, potentially offsetting domestic emission reductions.
Research
24 June 2024

Plastics circularity investment tracker tool

The Circulate Initiative
The tool offers insights into private investments in plastics circularity globally from 2018 to 2023. It provides data by geography, investment categories, and solution types, enabling users to analyse trends and compare investments across regions and sectors.
Online tool/database

How cheap talk in climate disclosures relates to climate initiatives, corporate emissions, and reputation risk

The report examines the relationship between corporate climate disclosures, cheap talk, and actual climate initiatives. It highlights how voluntary disclosures often suffer from superficiality, while targeted climate actions reduce cheap talk. Findings suggest cheap talk correlates with higher emissions and reputation risks, offering insights into the credibility of climate commitments.
Research
1 July 2024

Guide for adaptation and resilience finance

Standard Chartered
The guide outlines strategies for mobilising private capital into climate adaptation projects in emerging markets. It provides investment criteria, eligible activities, and guidance on reducing climate risks. The guide aims to standardise financing processes for resilience across global financial systems.
Research
30 April 2024

Insurance-associated emissions: Top tips for finance teams of insurers and reinsurers

Accounting for Sustainability (A4S)
This report provides finance teams in the insurance industry with practical guidance on calculating insurance-associated emissions. It outlines the PCAF Standard, emphasises the importance of establishing an emissions baseline, and offers actionable steps for leveraging data, improving processes, and supporting decarbonisation.
Research
9 April 2024

A director’s guide to mandatory climate reporting

MinterEllison
This guide covers Australia’s mandatory climate reporting, requiring large entities to disclose climate risks and opportunities from January 2025. It provides directors with practical steps for compliance, focusing on governance, strategy, and risk management, and encourages proactive engagement to build long-term organisational resilience.
Research
26 September 2024
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