Library | ESG issues
Water Management
Sustainable water management ensures the availability and quality of water for current and future generations by balancing economic, social, and environmental needs. This approach involves efficient water use, protection of ecosystems, and equitable distribution, addressing challenges such as scarcity, pollution, and climate change impacts. Investors can work with companies to manage water responsibly by encouraging better water use, supporting efforts to protect ecosystems, and promoting practices that ensure water resources are used efficiently and sustainably.
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Cerrado das Águas: building water resilience for territorial regeneration in Brazil’s coffee heartland
This report examines the Cerrado das Águas initiative's efforts to build water resilience in Brazil’s coffee region. It details how the Regenerative Catalysts Programme strengthened financial structures and transition risk management, helping farmers adopt regenerative practices and shift from individual risk management to collective territorial stewardship.
Water Under Fire: An urgent call to protect water, sanitation and hygiene in conflict
This report is part of a series examining the impact of armed conflict on water, sanitation and hygiene systems globally. It identifies patterns of harm to infrastructure, personnel and users, while detailing adaptive approaches and conflict-resilient strategies to maintain essential services in fragile environments to protect children.
The Green Scorpion: the macro-criticality of nature for finance
This research establishes a framework for assessing physical nature-related financial risks through scenario-based analysis. It highlights that nature loss, particularly water-related risks, creates significant macro-criticality for economies, with potentially 7-9% of global GDP at risk. The paper provides building blocks for central banks to prioritise and mitigate these systemic risks.
A mission-aligned World Bank: From ambition to delivery
This research examines the World Bank's adoption of mission-oriented frameworks, focusing on initiatives like Mission 300 and Mission Water. It proposes shifting from market-fixing models to market-shaping approaches, emphasising cross-sectoral portfolios, reciprocal public-private relationships, and the development of dynamic public sector capabilities to achieve sustainable development goals.
Warming and vegetation greening drive recent surge in flash droughts
This research identifies a global shift in flash drought drivers from precipitation deficits to a compound effect of warming and vegetation greening. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing has triggered a surge in these rapid-onset events since 2017, exposing approximately 650 million people and significantly reducing terrestrial carbon productivity.
Defining the globe’s flood risk
This report assesses global flood risk, identifying that 1.92 billion people and $18.8 trillion in economic output are currently exposed. Using high-resolution hydraulic modelling, it details accelerating losses and projects future vulnerability across regions including Asia-Pacific and Africa, providing a framework for prioritising resilience and financial protection.
The TNFD LEAP approach in practice: Assessing water-related dependencies, impacts, risks and opportunities across the AI value chain
This report examines the application of the TNFD LEAP approach in the technology sector, focusing on water risks within AI infrastructure. Through case studies of financial institutions and corporates, it identifies dependencies across semiconductor manufacturing and data centres, offering strategies to manage nature-related risks and opportunities.
Guidance on the identification and assessment of nature-related issues: The LEAP approach series
The Guidance on the Identification and Assessment of Nature-related Issues: The LEAP Approach series, published by the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), provides a structured methodology for organisations and financial institutions to identify, evaluate, manage and report nature-related dependencies, impacts, risks and opportunities.
Clouded future: Managing the risks of the data centre boom
The report examines the surge in Australian data centres driven by AI and cloud computing. It warns that unmanaged growth could triple energy demand by 2030, increasing power prices and carbon pollution. Recommendations include mandatory renewable energy support, improved water efficiency, and transparent reporting to align the industry with climate goals.
Data centre sustainability and resilience: A decision playbook for AI infrastructure
Planned summarisation: 1. Review document structure. 2. Identify key findings. 3. Summarise constraints and principles. 4. Verify UK English and word count. This report provides a decision framework for scaling AI infrastructure sustainably. It identifies six strategic constraints—including electricity, water, and community acceptance—shaping data centre viability. The playbook offers universal principles, metrics, and market profiles to help stakeholders align investment with long-term resilience, potentially unlocking $1 trillion in investment by 2030.
Nature at risk: Implications for the euro area economy and financial stability
This report assesses euro area economic and financial risks from ecosystem degradation. Using the Nature Value-at-Risk framework, it identifies water-related risks as most material, with surface-water scarcity potentially exposing 24% of output. The findings highlight significant feedback loops and the urgent need for bank nature-related stress tests.
IGF country profiles collection
The Country Profile Factsheets series, published by the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF), provides country-level analysis of mining sectors, mineral resources, critical minerals policies, investment conditions, governance and sustainability considerations. It supports comparative research into responsible mining, mineral supply chains and sector-related risks.
Financing Asia’s National Adaptation Plans: An assessment of the region’s adaptation plans against investors’ expectations
This benchmark report evaluates the alignment of national adaptation planning across nine Asian markets with investor expectations. Produced by the Asia Investor Group on Climate Change, it highlights progress and gaps in climate risk information and project pipelines to help unlock private capital for regional resilience.
Brockovich Data Center Map
The Brockovich Data Center Map is a grassroots initiative tracking the environmental and community impacts of AI data centres across the United States. It provides interactive mapping and community-sourced reporting on energy use, water consumption, and infrastructure strain.
FAIRR Investor Tool: Agriculture Water Risks
A specialised resource by the FAIRR Initiative that helps investors assess the financial materiality of water scarcity in the livestock sector, offering data on hidden costs and company-specific water risks.
Ocean Observatories Initiative
The Ocean Observatories Initiative is a science-driven network providing real-time data from over 900 instruments. Funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, it tracks ocean health and climate trends essential for ESG analysis and coastal risk assessment.
