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E-fuels in cars - Unaffordable for drivers: An analytical assessment of the cost of e-petrol in Europe

Transport and Environment
This briefing evaluates the economic feasibility of e-petrol for passenger vehicles in Europe. It finds that e-petrol will cost approximately four times more than fossil fuels by 2030, making it unaffordable for most drivers compared to battery-electric alternatives. The report recommends prioritising e-fuels for aviation and shipping instead.
Research
1 April 2026

Ocean Observatories Initiative

Transformational Investing in Food Systems (TIFS)
The Ocean Observatories Initiative is a science-driven network providing real-time data from over 900 instruments. Funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, it tracks ocean health and climate trends essential for ESG analysis and coastal risk assessment.
Online tool/database
1 January 2016

Climate Shift Index: Ocean

Climate Central
The Climate Shift Index: Ocean is an interactive global map by Climate Central that quantifies the influence of climate change on daily sea surface temperatures, assisting in the assessment of marine-related physical risks.
Online tool/database
14 August 2024

Maritime chokepoints and the global economy: Evidence from the Strait of Hormuz

Bank for International Settlements
This research examines the global economic consequences of maritime disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz. Utilising Portwatch data, the analysis demonstrates that traffic shocks act as stagflationary forces, significantly increasing energy prices, reducing global industrial production, and tightening financial conditions through widened corporate and sovereign bond spreads.
Research
10 September 2026

Ocean investment protocol: A multi-stakeholder plan to enable funding for the sustainable ocean economy

United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI)
This report outlines a multi-stakeholder framework to accelerate funding for a sustainable ocean economy. It provides specific recommendations for financial institutions, insurers, and governments to manage systemic risks and mobilise the estimated one trillion dollars in additional finance required by 2030 to meet global climate and biodiversity targets.
Research
14 September 2026

Government announced increases in carbon pricing and their implications for corporate valuations

EcoMap
This report explores global corporate environmental costs, finding that unpriced carbon emissions represent a material risk to valuations. Analysing approximately 20,000 companies, it illustrates how projected carbon price increases in jurisdictions like Norway and Canada could significantly erode enterprise values, especially within the aviation and maritime sectors.
Research
13 May 2026

Interactive data tool on Middle East energy reliance

International Energy Agency (IEA)
Developed by the International Energy Agency, this interactive tool tracks global energy market impacts stemming from Middle East conflicts. It monitors commodity shipping flows, policy responses, and supply disruptions.
Online tool/database
30 March 2026

Ocean investment protocol: 2026 revised draft for consultation: A multi-stakeholder plan to enable funding for the Sustainable Ocean Economy

United Nations Global Compact
This report provides a framework for scaling finance towards a sustainable ocean economy. It outlines recommendations for financial institutions, insurers, governments, and central banks to manage risks and capture opportunities. The protocol aims to mobilise the US$1 trillion required by 2030 to protect marine ecosystems and ensure prosperity.
Research
18 June 2026

EJF's squid fisheries series

Environmental Justice Foundation
This report series examines global squid fisheries, focusing on governance gaps, illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, labour and human rights issues, supply chain transparency, and fisheries management. It analyses risks across key squid fisheries and explores policy and regulatory measures to support more sustainable and accountable fishing practices.
Benchmark/series
8 June 2026

The Ocean framework: An investor guide to navigating ocean risks and opportunities

Chronos Sustainability Ltd
This investor guide examines ocean-related risks and opportunities across nine ocean-dependent sectors. It outlines five key drivers of ocean degradation, introduces a seven-step portfolio assessment framework, and provides sector-specific engagement guidance for fisheries, aquaculture and maritime transportation.
Research
8 May 2026

Don't mess with the ETS: Priorities for the upcoming EU emissions trading system revision

Carbon Market Watch
Carbon Market Watch presents a 10-point plan for improving the EU Emissions Trading System ahead of its upcoming revision. The report argues against weakening the cap, free allocation phase-out, or the Market Stability Reserve, and calls for expanded coverage of aviation, shipping, and biomass, alongside eliminating fossil fuel subsidies from ETS revenues.
Research
10 May 2026

Moving forward imagining a sustainable transport system

New Economics Foundation
The report outlines a universal basic services approach to UK transport, highlighting inequitable access, high emissions, and car dependence. It assesses current government reforms and recommends long-term, publicly oriented investment to expand affordable, integrated, low-carbon mobility, prioritising public transport and active travel within environmental limits.
Research
18 December 2024

Future fit shipping: Decarbonising the Aotearoa New Zealand maritime industry

The Aotearoa Circle
Aotearoa New Zealand’s maritime sector faces rising decarbonisation pressures. The report outlines emissions-reduction pathways, alternative fuel options, green corridor opportunities, and economic risks of inaction. It recommends coordinated planning, trans-Tasman collaboration, and enabling regulation to maintain trade competitiveness and support a lower-emissions shipping system.
Research
22 September 2025

Sustainable Finance Roundup October 2025: Carbon Markets, Targets, and the Cost of Resilience

This month’s sustainability roundup traces a rapidly evolving landscape in climate finance and accountability, spotlighting the weaknesses exposed by Hurricane Melissa’s disaster-risk finance system alongside new policy frameworks now reshaping sustainable investment. It highlights how vulnerable nations continue to bear the costs of climate impacts, how regulatory reforms such as Australia’s 2035 emissions target and global disclosure regimes are embedding accountability, and how renewed scrutiny of carbon markets is driving the search for credible, incentive-based pathways to real decarbonisation.
Article
3 November 2025

Rockefeller Capital Management

Commercial Research Providers
Rockefeller Capital Management (RockCo) delivers wealth management, asset management and investment banking services grounded in the Rockefeller legacy. Serving individuals, families and institutions, RockCo emphasises bespoke financial solutions, generational wealth planning and strategic advisory — combining innovation with long-standing trust.
Organisation
1 research item

Target-setting protocol fourth edition

United Nations Environment Programme
The report outlines the fourth edition of the Science Based Targets initiative’s target-setting protocol. It provides updated guidance, criteria, and methodology for companies to set near-term science-based greenhouse gas emission reduction targets, aligning with 1.5°C pathways and incorporating broader coverage across sectors, geographies, and organisational boundaries.
Research
16 April 2024
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