This report guides companies and sustainability schemes in making credible environmental claims under the EU ECGT Directive. It differentiates between specific and generic claims, outlines performance requirements, and offers principles for clear, accurate communications to prevent greenwashing and restore consumer trust.

This report examines the conceptual and practical frameworks for connected reporting. It emphasises the strategic role of accountants in integrating financial statements with sustainability disclosures. By addressing organisational silos and regulatory requirements, the document provides actionable guidance for achieving coherent, decision-useful corporate information for investors and key stakeholders.

The GIIN Impact Investing Messaging Playbook provides a unified communication framework for members. It outlines core industry stories, guiding principles, and tailored messaging for diverse audiences and sectors, including energy and healthcare. The report highlights the industry's growth to a $1.571 trillion market dedicated to solving systemic global problems.

This report analyses the rising legal and regulatory scrutiny of corporate carbon offsetting claims. It examines landmark cases in Europe, Australia, and the US, highlighting a global shift towards banning misleading 'net-zero' labels. The findings underscore the necessity for companies to prioritise genuine in-house emissions reductions over carbon credits.

This report analyses the extensive involvement of Shell and TotalEnergies in the voluntary carbon market. It highlights how fossil fuel majors use carbon credits to obscure a lack of absolute emissions reductions, while exercising structural influence over credit supply, project development, and market governance.

This research analyses 154 voluntary corporate climate risk reports submitted under California’s SB 261. It identifies early trends in governance, strategy, risk management, and metrics. Findings highlight that while risk awareness is widespread, gaps remain in financial quantification, quantitative scenario analysis, and the development of formal transition plans.

This report analyses climate risk disclosure in the $4.4 trillion US municipal bond market. Examining 60 high-risk offerings, it finds 33% omit climate references. Disclosures are often generic and backward-looking, lacking the TCFD-aligned metrics necessary for investors to price risk accurately and reward resilience investments.

This research identifies a 'traffic light effect' in ESG ratings, where investor-paid raters like MSCI suppress rating changes to favour stability and peer alignment. Implemented downgrades predict negative returns of 2.8% over twelve months, but suppressed downgrades do not, indicating that discretionary overrides impede value-relevant signals to investors.

This research evaluates Climate Action 100+’s impact on corporate climate action using a Difference-in-Differences analysis. It finds no evidence of improved disclosure or historical emission reductions. While the coalition influenced long-term targets for specific companies, the absence of short-term milestones suggests potential decarbonisation backloading and greenwashing risks.

This research provides a materialist deconstruction of AI hype, arguing it facilitates power concentration rather than just misrepresenting technology. It details how "hypers" manufacture urgency and capture credibility. The paper offers a playbook for resistance through contestation, undermining legitimacy and building collective agency to challenge AI entrenchment.

This ESMA report provides guidance on avoiding greenwashing in sustainability impact claims. It outlines four key principles—accuracy, accessibility, substantiation, and timeliness—while defining theoretical concepts like intentionality and additionality. Practical do’s and don’ts for funds and bonds help market participants ensure communications are clear, fair, and not misleading.

This research examines the National Cattlemen’s Association’s response to global warming evidence between 1986 and 1996. The organisation prioritised strategic communications and public relations over production changes to mitigate methane emissions. By reframing scientific findings and challenging critics, the NCA aimed to protect beef demand and industry interests.

This research examines how central bank climate communication affects 10-year sovereign bond yields. Using a dataset of over 17,000 speeches, it finds that climate-related discourse increases yields by making risks more salient. This effect is stronger in countries with independent central banks, reflecting the role of institutional credibility.

This research examines mutual fund ESG disclosures in shareholder letters. It finds that only 'opportunistic' disclosures focused on financial value attract significant investor flows. While aggregate data suggests greenwashing, granular analysis reveals 'impact' disclosures result in genuine portfolio improvements. However, opportunistic claims increase outflow risks if performance disappoints.

This research identifies the 'comparative industry effect'—differences in industry classification and peer group construction—as a major driver of ESG rating divergence. It explains 30% of industry-level score differences, particularly affecting environmental ratings and firms with limited public disclosure or complex ownership structures.

This research examines the association between venture capital backing and voluntary ESG disclosure in U.S. private firms. It finds that VC-backed firms develop disclosure gradually through professionalisation. Conversely, non-VC-backed firms exhibit strategic disclosure increases immediately before initial public offerings to reduce information asymmetry.